J/AJ/160/63ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/160/63doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51600063CDSMiles B.E.Skemer A.J.I.Morley C.V.Marley M.S.Fortney J.J.,Allers K.N.Faherty J.K.Geballe T.R.Visscher C.Schneider A.C.,Lupu R.Freedman R.S.Bjoraker G.L.2021-02-19T07:48:59Z2020-11-04T13:05:18ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbrown-dwarfsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyCold brown dwarfs are excellent analogs of widely separated, gas giant exoplanets, and provide insight into the potential atmospheric chemistry and physics we may encounter in objects to be discovered by future direct imaging surveys. We present a low-resolution, R~300, M-band spectroscopic sequence of seven brown dwarfs with effective temperatures between 750 and 250K along with Jupiter. These spectra reveal disequilibrium abundances of carbon monoxide (CO) produced by atmospheric quenching. We use the eddy diffusion coefficient (Kzz) to estimate the strength of vertical mixing in each object. The Kzz values of cooler gaseous objects are close to their theoretical maximum, and warmer objects show weaker mixing, likely due to less efficient convective mixing in primarily radiative layers. The CO-derived Kzz values imply that disequilibrium phosphine (PH3) should be easily observable in all of the brown dwarfs, but none as yet show any evidence for PH3 absorption. We find that ammonia is relatively insensitive to atmospheric quenching at these effective temperatures. We are able to improve the fit to WISE 0855's M-band spectrum by including both CO and water clouds in the atmospheric model.2020AJ....160...63Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/160/63CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/AJ/127/3553 : JHK photometry & spectroscopy for L & T dwarfs (Knapp+, 2004)J/other/ARA+A/43.195 : L and T dwarf stars (Kirkpatrick, 2005)J/ApJ/637/1067 : Near-IR spectral classification of T dwarfs (Burgasser+, 2006)J/ApJ/651/502 : Spitzer IRAC photometry of M, L, and T dwarfs (Patten+, 2006)J/ApJS/197/19 : First brown dwarfs discovered by WISE (Kirkpatrick+, 2011)J/ApJS/201/19 : Hawaii Infrared Parallax Program. I. (Dupuy+, 2012)J/ApJ/753/156 : T/Y brown dwarfs with WISE photometry (Kirkpatrick+, 2012)J/ApJ/810/158 : M,L,T dwarfs fundamental param. and SEDs (Filippazzo+, 2015)J/ApJ/832/58 : Spitzer/IRAC monitor. WISEJ085510.83-071442.5 (Esplin+, 2016)J/ApJS/225/10 : Kinematic analysis of M7-L8 dwarfs (Faherty+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/64 : Mass-metallicity relation for giant planets (Thorngren+, 2016)J/ApJ/842/118 : Brown dwarfs with spectral type later than T6 (Leggett+, 2017)J/ApJ/838/73 : Brown dwarf surface gravities with Keck/NIRSPEC (Martin, 2017)J/ApJ/867/109 : Spitzer observations of Y and T dwarfs (Martin+, 2018)J/A+A/629/A145 : L9-T3.5 brown dwarfs light curves (Eriksson+, 2019)J/AJ/157/101 : Cloud Atlas: HST/WFC3 NIR spectral library (Manjavacas+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/160/63https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/63https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/63http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/160/63GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/160/63/table3 (substellar objects with M-band spectra)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/63/table3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/63/table3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/160/63/table3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true224.3123439-21.36326390.0055555555555555566/3946 12519 21729 22681 40905 44286 44338https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/160/63?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/160/63/table3substellar objects with M-band spectraSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharIDObject identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimarySpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_TeffReference used for temperature (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeff[126/750] Adopted temperatureKphys.temperatureintTeffmin[249/716]? Minimum temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullableTeffmax[260/812]? Maximum temperatureKphys.temperatureintnullabler_SpT? Reference used for spectral type (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableloggmin[3.4/4.7] Minimum surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;stat.minfloatloggmax[3.4/5.4] Maximum surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravity;stat.maxfloatNobsNumber of observation for this star (link to spectra)meta.numberintnullableVPVelocity Plotmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPositions from SIMBAD (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPositions from SIMBAD (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/AJ/160/63/spectraBrown dwarfs spectra (Data behind Figures 1 and 2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDSource identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharWave[4.46/5.13] Wavelengthumem.wldoubleFlux[-1.05/2]? Normalized flux in erg/s/cm^2^/{AA} unitscW.m**-2.nm**-1meta.unit;phot.flux;arith.ratiodoublenullablee_Flux[0.027/1.5]? Uncertainty in FluxcW.m**-2.nm**-1stat.error;phot.fluxdoublenullable