J/AJ/159/52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51590052CDSMuirhead P.S.Veyette M.J.Newton E.R.Theissen C.A.Mann A.W.2020-09-16T12:20:12Z2020-03-26T08:07:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyline-intensitiesstellar-massesdwarf-starsm-starsproper-motionsstellar-spectral-typesIn young Sun-like stars and field M-dwarf stars, chromospheric and coronal magnetic activity indicators such as H{alpha}, X-ray, and radio emission are known to saturate with low Rossby number (Ro<~0.1), defined as the ratio of rotation period to convective turnover time. The mechanism for the saturation is unclear. In this paper, we use photospheric TiI and CaI absorption lines in the Y band to investigate magnetic field strength in M dwarfs for Rossby numbers between 0.01 and 1.0. The equivalent widths of the lines are magnetically enhanced by photospheric spots, a global field, or a combination of the two. The equivalent widths behave qualitatively similar to the chromospheric and coronal indicators: we see increasing equivalent widths (increasing absorption) with decreasing Ro and saturation of the equivalent widths for Ro<~0.1. The majority of M dwarfs in this study are fully convective. The results add to mounting evidence that the magnetic saturation mechanism occurs at or beneath the stellar photosphere.2020AJ....159...52Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/159/52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+, 2003)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/ApJS/85/315 : F, G and K dwarf stars of the Pleiades (Soderblom+ 1993)J/A+A/397/147 : Activity-rotation relationship in stars (Pizzolato+ 2003)J/ApJ/648/629 : Radio observations of late M, L, and T dwarfs (Berger+,2006)J/ApJ/743/48 : Stars rotat. periods & X-ray luminosities (Wright+,2011)J/ApJ/754/44 : The AstraLux Large M-dwarf Survey (Janson+ 2012)J/ApJ/784/156 : Parallaxes for nearby mid-to-late M dwarfs (Dittmann+, 2014)J/ApJ/791/54 : Nearby M Dwarfs parameters (Gaidos+, 2014)J/ApJ/795/161 : Activity & rotation in Praesepe & the Hyades (Douglas+,2014)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/ApJ/800/85 : Teff, radii and luminosities of cool dwarfs (Newton+, 2015)J/ApJ/818/153 : MEarth photometry: nearby M-dwarf mag (Dittmann+,2016)J/MNRAS/463/1844 : M dwarfs rotation-activity relation (Stelzer+, 2016)J/ApJ/836/124 : 2yrs of eclipse data & RVs for LP661-13 (Dittmann+,2017)J/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/ApJ/851/26 : Teff, metallicity & Ti abundance of M dwarfs (Veyette+,2017)J/AJ/155/225 : M dwarf stars rotational broadening measure. (Kesseli+,2018)J/A+A/612/A49 : 324 CARMENES M dwarfs velocities (Reiners+, 2018)J/A+A/629/A83 : Complexity of magnetic fields on red dwarfs (Afram+, 2019)J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input catalogue M dwarfs. IV. (Diez Alonso+,2019)J/A+A/627/A161 : CARMENES stars multi wavelength measurem. (Passegger+,2019)J/AJ/157/216 : Stellar multiplicity rate of M dwarfs 25 pc (Winters+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/159/52/table1 (Details on M dwarf stars in this work)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/52/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/52/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/52/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.29537545.78656670.0055555555555555566/407 447 469 1138 1264 2422 2747 2919 3715 4444 5041 5420 5488 5590 5935 6169 6894 6923 6945 6996 7262 8627 9597 10149 11044 11962 12184 12865 13688 13743 15052 15548 16758 17813 18496 19064 19751 19879 19957 20100 20472 20896 21748 21884 21988 22289 22302 22683 23094 23564 23607 23859 24227 24330 26972 27311 27787 28341 28548 28955 30429 30455 30505 30771 32033 32093 32541 34776 48906https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/159/52?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/159/52/table1Details on M dwarf stars in this workrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSIMBAD identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRA[-4411/2892] Gaia DR2 proper motion along RA (1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.radoublepmDE[-145574/943] Gaia DR2 proper motion along DE (1)mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decdoubleplx[22/337] Gaia DR2 parallax ({pi}) (1)maspos.parallax.trigfloatKsmag[4/11] 2MASS K_s_ band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatMass[0.14/0.58] Mass (3)solMassphys.massfloatSpTypeSpectral type from SIMBADsrc.spTypecharProt[1/163] Rotational period (4)dtime.periodfloatlogRo[-3/0.29] log Rossby numberstat.paramfloatInstInstrument code (5)meta.code;instrcharNspNumber of spectra for this star (link to Table 3)meta.numberintnullableR18Display data from Reiners+, 2018, J/A+A/612/A49 within 3"meta.ref.urlintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharPCatDisplay the rotation period data from Newton+, 2017, J/ApJ/834/85 and Diez Alonso+ 2019, J/A+A/621/A126 within 3"meta.ref.urlcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/159/52/table3Equivalent widthsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSIMBAD identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryEWTi1[0.22/0.42] Equivalent width TiI 10396.802{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatEWTi2[0.21/0.4] Equivalent width TiI 10496.113{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatEWTi3[0.21/0.38] Equivalent width TiI 10584.633{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatEWTi4[0.09/0.27] Equivalent width TiI 10677.047{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatEWTi5[0.2/0.32]? Equivalent width TiI 10726.391{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableEWTi6[0.1/0.34] Equivalent width TiI 10774.866{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatEWCa[0.54/0.8] Equivalent width CaI 10343.8194{AA} line0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatInstInstrument used ("CARMENES" or "NIRSPEC")instr.setupcharFileName of the FITS file in subdirectory fits; column added by CDSmeta.id;meta.fitschar