J/AJ/159/200ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/159/200doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51590200CDSMelton E.2022-09-30T08:36:22Z2020-06-15T13:00:11ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionsstellar-spectral-typesproper-motionsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxinfrared-photometryyoung-stellar-objectsThe identification and characterization of stellar members within a star-forming region are critical to many aspects of star formation, including formalization of the initial mass function, circumstellar disk evolution, and star formation history. Previous surveys of the Lupus star-forming region have identified members through infrared excess and accretion signatures. We use machine learning to identify new candidate members of Lupus based on surveys from two space-based observatories: ESA's Gaia and NASA's Spitzer. Astrometric measurements from Gaia's Data Release 2 and astrometric and photometric data from the Infrared Array Camera on the Spitzer Space Telescope, as well as from other surveys, are compiled into a catalog for the random forest (RF) classifier. The RF classifiers are tested to find the best features, membership list, non-membership identification scheme, imputation method, training set class weighting, and method of dealing with class imbalance within the data. We list 27 candidate members of the Lupus star-forming region for spectroscopic follow-up. Most of the candidates lie in Clouds V and VI, where only one confirmed member of Lupus was previously known. These clouds likely represent a slightly older population of star formation.2020AJ....159..200Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/159/200CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/240 : The DENIS database first release (Epchtein+, 1999)II/332 : c2d Spitzer final data release (DR4) (Evans+, 2003)VII/244 : Atlas and Catalog of Dark Clouds (Dobashi+, 2005)VII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)I/347 : Distances to 1.33 billion stars in Gaia DR2 (Bailer-Jones+, 2018)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)II/360 : Gaia DR2 x AllWISE catalogue (Marton+, 2019)J/A+AS/85/915 : Walraven Photo. of southern OB associations (de Geus+, 1990)J/A+AS/123/329 : New weak-line T Tauri stars in Lupus (Krautter+ 1997)J/MNRAS/313/43 : OB association members in ACT+TRC Catalogs (Hoogerwerf,2000)J/A+A/356/541 : T Tauri stars in the Sco-Cen OB association (Koehler+, 2000)J/AJ/124/1670 : Post-T Tauri Stars in Sco-Cen Association (Mamajek+, 2002)J/A+A/454/595 : X-ray emission of T Tau stars in Lupus 3 (Gondoin, 2006)J/ApJ/662/413 : 2MASS survey wide multiplicity 3 associations (Kraus+, 2007)J/ApJ/658/480 : Pre-main-sequence stars in Lupus association (Makarov+,2007)J/ApJS/177/551 : Spitzer c2d survey of Lupus dark clouds (Merin+, 2008)J/A+A/500/1045 : Cool stars and brown dwarfs in Lupus clouds (Comeron+, 2009)J/ApJS/181/321 : Properties of Spitzer c2d dark clouds (Evans+, 2009)J/A+A/529/A108 : Lupus clouds proper motion study with VO (Lopez Marti+,2011)J/ApJ/756/133 : ScoCen debris disks around B- and A-type stars (Chen+, 2012)J/MNRAS/427/3280 : Ultra-cool dwarfs at low Galactic latitudes (Folkes+, 2012)J/AJ/144/8 : Spectro. of ~100 G/K/M-type Sco-Cen members (Song+, 2012)J/A+A/561/A2 : 36 acreting YSOs emission lines (Alcala+, 2014)J/ApJ/785/159 : SONYC census of substellar objects in Lupus 3 (Muzic+, 2014)J/ApJS/220/11 : SEDs of Spitzer YSOs in the Gould Belt (Dunham+, 2015)J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)J/A+A/600/A20 : Lupus YSOs X-shooter spectroscopy (Alcala+, 2017)J/AJ/154/134 : Planetary-mass brown dwarfs in the Taurus SFR (Esplin+,2017)J/AJ/154/46 : Proper motions & photo. for members of Cha I (Esplin+, 2017)J/ApJ/838/150 : The Taurus-Auriga ecosystem. I. (Kraus+, 2017)J/A+A/619/A52 : Dense cores and YSOs in Lupus complex (Benedettini+, 2018)J/AJ/156/271 : The stellar membership of the Taurus SFR (Luhman, 2018)J/A+A/609/A116 : Low extinction TGAS HR Catalogue (Ruiz-Dern+, 2018)http://sha.ipac.caltech.edu/applications/Spitzer/SHA/ : Spitzer Herit. Archivehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/200https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/200http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/159/200https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/200https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/200http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/159/200GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/159/200/known (Literature search results (Table 4) and catalog information (Table 5) for previously identified spectroscopic members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/known?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/known?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/known?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true234.8657153-34.77144750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/159/200/cand (Astrometry (Table 9) and photometry (Table 10) information for the candidates identified by the highest ranked Random Forest classifier with a probability threshold of 0.4180)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/cand?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/cand?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/cand?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true234.812125-33.4798250.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/159/200/table13 (Extended candidate catalog information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/table13?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/table13?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/159/200/table13?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true232.5560833-32.56080560.0055555555555555564/2663 5/10647 10649 10678 10684 10686 10688 10690 10696 10698 6/42574-42575 42582-42583 42586-42587 42595 42604-42605 42705 42708-42709 42716 42718-42719 42723 42725-42727 42729 42732-42733 42735 42740-42742 42748 42756 42758-42759 42764-42766 42776 42778 42789-42791 42796 42800 42912 44101 441128.650015785639275e-20 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/159/200?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/159/200/knownLiterature search results (Table 4) and catalog information (Table 5) for previously identified spectroscopic membersSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableClassLada Class and reference(s) in parenthesis (codes are the same as SpType references)src.classcharpmRA-I[-22/8]? Proper motion in the right ascension measured with IRACmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA-I[0.04/6.3]? Error in pmRA-Imas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullablepmDE-I[-34/2]? Proper motion in the declination measured with IRACmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE-I[0.01/11.3]? Error in pmDE-Imas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullablepmRA-G[-31/3]? Proper motion in the right ascension from Gaiamas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA-G[0.06/4]? Error in pmRA-Gmas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullablepmDE-G[-38/3]? Proper motion in the declination from Gaiamas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDNumber ID of the previously confirmed membermeta.id;meta.maincharSNameIdentifier for source from a match to the SIMBAD databasemeta.idcharSpTypeSpectral Type from literature searchsrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeReferences for spectral type (1)meta.ref;pos.framechare_pmDE-G[0.04/1.8]? Error in pmDE-Gmas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullableplx[1.5/9.1]? Gaia DR2 Parallax measurementmaspos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx[0.03/0.61]? Error in plxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullableGmag[6.61/19.22]? Gaia DR2 G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullableimag[8.58/16.47]? DENIS i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.02/0.1]? Error in the DENIS i magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[5.88/15.6]? Combined J magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[5.2/14.87]? 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.09]? Error in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[4.33/14.38]? Combined Ks magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.01/0.08]? Error in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable[3.6][8.68/14.03]? Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_[3.6][0.13/0.13]? Error in [3.6] magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullable[4.5][6.24/13.95]? Spitzer/IRAC [4.5] magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.5][0.13/0.17]? Error in [4.5] magnitudemagstat.errorfloatnullableMemb[0/0.885] Probability of Membership to the Lupus star-forming region from the Random Forest classifierstat.probability;obs.fieldfloatNotes? Notes indicating if the member was removed from the member list or not included in the constrained member list (2)meta.notecharGaiaDisplay the Gaia DR2 data (I/345) within 1"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharDENISDisplay the DENIS data (B/denis) within 3"meta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from Simbad (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainnullable_DEPosition from Simbad (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainnullableJ/AJ/159/200/candAstrometry (Table 9) and photometry (Table 10) information for the candidates identified by the highest ranked Random Forest classifier with a probability threshold of 0.4180[4.5][9.2/14.2] Spitzer/IRAC [4.5] magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_[4.5][0.1/0.3] Error in the IRAC [4.5] magnitudemagstat.errorfloatMemb[0.4/0.7] Probability of Membership to the Lupus star-forming region from the Random Forest classifierstat.probability;obs.fieldfloatDisk?Indicator of the presence of a disk (Y=Yes --4 occurrences) or not (N) as determined by the analysis in Section 7.3 of the papermeta.codechar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharDENISDisplay the DENIS data (B/denis) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharpmRA-I[-47/-2]? Proper motion in the right ascension measured with IRACmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatnullablee_pmRA-I[0.4/7]? Error in pmRA-Imas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullablepmDE-I[-58/-14]? Proper motion in the declination measured with IRACmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatnullablee_pmDE-I[0.2/12]? Error in pmDE-Imas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatnullablepmRA-G[-50/-8.7] Proper motion in the right ascension measured with Gaiamas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA-G[0.08/1.1] Error in pmRA-Gmas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatSName? SIMBAD Namemeta.idchare_plx[0.04/0.5] Error in the parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/27] Number ID of the candidate membermeta.idintRAJ2000[15/16] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[33/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmDE-G[-61/-19] Proper motion in the declination measured with Gaiamas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE-G[0.05/0.7] Error in pmDE-Gmas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatplx[4.37/9.24] Gaia DR2 parallax measurementmaspos.parallax.trigfloatGmag[12.9/19.3] Gaia DR2 G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatimag[12.26/16.27]? DENIS i magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.02/0.07]? Error in the DENIS i magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[10.33/15.57] Combined J magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloate_Jmag[0.02/0.06] Error in the combined J magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagstat.error;phot.magfloatHmag[9.73/15.07] 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloate_Hmag[0.02/0.09] Error in the 2MASS H magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatKsmag[9.48/14.7] Combined Ks magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag[0.02/0.08] Error in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloat[3.6][9.2/14.3] Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_[3.6][0.13/0.14] Error in the IRAC [3.6] magnitudemagstat.errorfloatJ/AJ/159/200/table13Extended candidate catalog informationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDNumber ID of the previously confirmed membermeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000[15/16] Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000[32/42] Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRA-G[-160/67] Proper motion in the right ascension from Gaiamas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA-G[0.05/1.5] Error in pmRA-Gmas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatSNameSimbad Identifiermeta.idcharpmDE-G[-277/46] Proper motion in the declination from Gaiamas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDE-G[0.03/1] Error in pmDE-Gmas/yrstat.error;pos.pmfloatplx[5.5/7.5] Gaia DR2 parallax measurementmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plx[0.02/0.7] Error in parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatGmag[6.73/19.93] Gaia DR2 G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatimag[8.42/17.01]? DENIS i magnitude from DENISmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.02/0.09]? Error in the DENIS i magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableJmag[5.29/16.13]? Combined J magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0.02/0.08]? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableHmag[5.01/15.39]? 2MASS H magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.02/0.09]? Error in the 2MASS H magnitudemagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableKsmag[4.55/14.64]? Combined Ks magnitude from DENIS and 2MASSmagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Ksmag[0.02/0.1]? Error in Ksmagmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableMemb[0.44/0.84] Probability of Membership to the Lupus star-forming region from the Random Forest classifierstat.probability;obs.fieldfloatLabelLabel indicating Extended Candidate Group (1)meta.codecharFlagQuality(s) for which the source is discrepant with members (2)meta.code.errorcharGaiaDisplay the Gaia DR2 data (I/345) within 1"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri+ 2003, II/246) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharDENISDisplay the DENIS data (B/denis) within 3"meta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/159/200/table2IRAC epochs of LupusrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintAOR[3652608/51016704] Spitzer/IRAC Astronomical Observing Request IDmeta.id;obsintPID[6/90071] Program IDmeta.id;obsintPIPrincipal Investigatorobs.observercharEpoch[2004/2015] Mean Observation Date in decimal yearsyrtime.epoch;obs;stat.meandouble