J/AJ/158/13ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/158/13doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51580013CDSNielsen E.L.De Rosa R.J.Macintosh B.Wang J.J.Ruffio J.-B.,Chiang E.Marley M.S.Saumon D.Savransky D.Ammons S.M.Bailey V.P.,Barman T.Blain C.Bulger J.Burrows A.Chilcote J.Cotten T.,Czekala I.Doyon R.Duchene G.Esposito T.M.Fabrycky D.,Fitzgerald M.P.Follette K.B.Fortney J.J.Gerard B.L.Goodsell S.J.,Graham J.R.Greenbaum A.Z.Hibon P.Hinkley S.Hirsch L.A.Hom J.,Hung L.-W.Dawson R.I.Ingraham P.Kalas P.Konopacky Q.Larkin J.E.,Lee E.J.Lin J.W.Maire J.Marchis F.Marois C.Metchev S.,Millar-Blanchaer M.A.Morzinski K.M.Oppenheimer R.Palmer D.,Patience J.Perrin M.Poyneer L.Pueyo L.Rafikov R.R.Rajan A.,Rameau J.Rantakyro F.T.Ren B.Schneider A.C.Sivaramakrishnan A.,Song I.Soummer R.Tallis M.Thomas S.Ward-Duong K.Wolff S.2020-01-31T15:36:31Z2019-09-03T14:46:02ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbrown-dwarfsstellar-spectral-typesstellar-distanceinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyphotometrystellar-agesstellar-massesexoplanetssurveysWe present a statistical analysis of the first 300 stars observed by the Gemini Planet Imager Exoplanet Survey. This subsample includes six detected planets and three brown dwarfs; from these detections and our contrast curves we infer the underlying distributions of substellar companions with respect to their mass, semimajor axis, and host stellar mass. We uncover a strong correlation between planet occurrence rate and host star mass, with stars M_*_>1.5 M_{sun}_ more likely to host planets with masses between 2 and 13 M_Jup_ and semimajor axes of 3-100 au at 99.92% confidence. We fit a double power-law model in planet mass (m) and semimajor axis (a) for planet populations around high-mass stars (M_*_>1.5 M_{sun}_) of the form d^2^N/(dm da){prop.to}m^{alpha}^{alpha}^{beta}^, finding {alpha}=-2.4+/-0.8 and {beta}=-2.0+/-0.5, and an integrated occurrence rate of 9_-4_^+5^% between 5-13 M_Jup_ and 10-100 au. A significantly lower occurrence rate is obtained for brown dwarfs around all stars, with 0.8_-0.5_^+0.8^% of stars hosting a brown dwarf companion between 13-80 M_Jup_ and 10-100 au. Brown dwarfs also appear to be distributed differently in mass and semimajor axis compared to giant planets; whereas giant planets follow a bottom-heavy mass distribution and favor smaller semimajor axes, brown dwarfs exhibit just the opposite behaviors. Comparing to studies of short-period giant planets from the radial velocity method, our results are consistent with a peak in occurrence of giant planets between ~1 and 10 au. We discuss how these trends, including the preference of giant planets for high-mass host stars, point to formation of giant planets by core/pebble accretion, and formation of brown dwarfs by gravitational instability.2019AJ....158...13Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/158/13CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/135 : Henry Draper Catalogue and Extension (Cannon+ 1918-1924; ADC 1989)III/171 : MK Classifications for F- and G-type stars (Harlan, 1969-1981)III/31 : Michigan catalogue for the HD stars, vol. 1 (Houk+, 1975)III/51 : Michigan Catalogue of HD stars, Vol.2 (Houk, 1978)III/80 : Michigan Catalogue of HD stars, Vol.3 (Houk, 1982)III/117 : MK Classifications of Close Visual Binaries (Corbally, 1984)III/133 : Michigan Catalogue of HD stars, Vol.4 (Houk+, 1988)III/150 : Perkins Revised MK Types for the Cooler Stars (Keenan+ 1989)III/214 : Michigan Catalogue of HD stars, Vol.5 (Houk+, 1999)I/311 : Hipparcos, the New Reduction (van Leeuwen, 2007)B/mk : Catalogue of Stellar Spectral Classifications (Skiff, 2009- )I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/AJ/107/1556 : Late B-type stars classification (Garrison+, 1994)J/ApJS/99/135 : Rotation and Spectral Peculiarities (Abt+ 1995)J/A+A/373/625 : uvby{beta} photometry of lambda Bootis starsJ/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young starsJ/AJ/132/161 : NStars project: The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)J/MNRAS/371/252 : Southern B and Be stars (Levenhagen+, 2006)J/ApJS/180/117 : MK classifications of spectroscopic binaries (Abt, 2009)J/AZh/88/34 : Long-term (1984-2008) JHKLM photometry of starsJ/AJ/145/102 : Spectroscopy of bright M dwarfs in the northern skyJ/ApJ/762/88 : Young stellar kinematic group candidate membersJ/MNRAS/435/1325 : Membership of the {epsilon} Cha associationJ/MNRAS/454/593 : Young moving groups in solar neighbourhood (Bell+, 2015)J/other/PASA/32.36 : lambda Boo star membership evaluations (Murphy+, 2015)J/other/Sci/350.64 : 51 Eri b near-infrared spectrum (Macintosh+, 2015)J/MNRAS/461/794 : Scorpius-Centaurus K-Type Stars (Pecaut+, 2016)J/AJ/155/226 : Gemini Planet Imager spectra of HR 8799 c/d/ehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/158/13https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/13https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/13http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/158/13GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/158/13/table4 (300-star properties and observing log)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/13/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/13/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/158/13/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.5107917-2.76616670.0055555555555555566/377 601 722 4163 4190 4227 4724 12467 12592 12698 16393 16606 16930 16993 17219 17274 17398 17421 17552 17607 17752 17887 17929 18797 19598 19923 20125 20129 20489 21023 21289 21386 21462 21512 21624 21753 21954 21956 22010 22067 22146 22277 22289 22511 22773 23137 23140 23155 23230 23408 23870 24239 24796 24955 25096 25692 27006 27163 27201 27352 27395 27735 28041 28316 28696 30049 30419 30467 30626 31104 31259 31448 31776 32061 32147 32930 33312 33361 33500 33508 33572 33689 33691 33707 33717 33818 33838 33849 33850 33976 34054 34146 34244 34245 34269 34282 34490 34509 34683 34754 34823 34825 34829 34864 34875 34886 34930 34971 35077 35149 35150 35352 35474 35497 35836 35852 36351 36421 36487 36664 36697 36762 36884 36969 37012 37108 37121 37175 37186 37286 37298 37414 37419 37607 37616 37714 37765 37805 37810 37816 37968 37973 38061 38065 38084 38151 38223 38348 38382 38489 38706 38765 38788 38792 38932 38936 38937 38950 38990 38996 39023 39025 39031 39044 39082 39263 39284 39373 39390 39429 39489 39625 39640 39692 39693 39735 39832 40021 40101 40165 40167 40206 40285 40442 40717 40784 40892 41087 41158 41163 41210 41272 41295 41361 41376 41484 41528 41618 41632 41641 41643 41648 41681 41759 41798 41906 41942 42036 42047 42072 42096 42143 42147 42287 42555 42601 42649 42677 42684 42694 42727 42760 42910 42913 42917 43055 43094 43097 43139 43150 43197 43224 43229 43244 43298 43345 43351 43403 43469 43529 43540 43601 43639 43677 43809 44046 44069 44139 44258 44319 44359 44502 44935 45247 45351 45374 45388 45472 45475 45538 45564 45579 45621 45746 45927 45931 45964 46084 46113 46598 46615 46925 46939 47107 47151 47205 47287 47299 47389 47626 47703 47740 47775 48274 48334 48394 48613 48651 48749 48768 48923https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/158/13?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/158/13/table4300-star properties and observing logSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.mainRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeReference for SpType (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharDist[3.2161/176.67] Stellar distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricdoublee_Dist[0.0017/8.23] Uncertainty in Distpcstat.errorfloatr_DistReference for Dist (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharImag[0.8/9.3] Apparent I band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatHmag[0.9/8.1] Apparent H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatMGroupMoving groupmeta.id.parentAge[4/925] Stellar ageMyrtime.ageintr_Age[2/40] Reference for Age (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintMass[0.29/9.69] Stellar masssolMassphys.massfloatf_Mass[d] Flag indicating Mass is for the systemmeta.codecharDateUT observation datetime.epoch;obsnullableExp[2.9/59.6] Exposure timestime.duration;obs.exposurefloatNco[1/10] Number of coaddsmeta.numberintTint[6/78.5] Integration timemintime.epochfloatDelPA[1.7/176]? Total amount of field rotation {Delta}PAdegpos.posAng;obs.fieldfloatnullable