J/AJ/154/67ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/154/67doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51540067CDSMiles B.E.Shkolnik E.L.2018-03-12T09:20:56Z2018-01-23T12:52:36ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsm-starsultraviolet-photometrystellar-distancestellar-spectral-typesstellar-agesThe ultraviolet (UV) light from a host star influences a planet's atmospheric photochemistry and will affect interpretations of exoplanetary spectra from future missions like the James Webb Space Telescope. These effects will be particularly critical in the study of planetary atmospheres around M dwarfs, including Earth-sized planets in the habitable zone. Given the higher activity levels of M dwarfs compared to Sun-like stars, time-resolved UV data are needed for more accurate input conditions for exoplanet atmospheric modeling. The Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) provides multi-epoch photometric observations in two UV bands: near-ultraviolet (NUV; 1771-2831{AA}) and far-ultraviolet (FUV; 1344-1786{AA}). Within 30pc of Earth, there are 357 and 303 M dwarfs in the NUV and FUV bands, respectively, with multiple GALEX observations. Simultaneous NUV and FUV detections exist for 145 stars in both GALEX bands. Our analyses of these data show that low-mass stars are typically more variable in the FUV than the NUV. Median variability increases with later spectral types in the NUV with no clear trend in the FUV. We find evidence that flares increase the FUV flux density far more than the NUV flux density, leading to variable FUV to NUV flux density ratios in the GALEX bandpasses.The ratio of FUV to NUV flux is important for interpreting the presence of atmospheric molecules in planetary atmospheres such as oxygen and methane as a high FUV to NUV ratio may cause false-positive biosignature detections. This ratio of flux density in the GALEX bands spans three orders of magnitude in our sample, from 0.008 to 4.6, and is 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than for G dwarfs like the Sun. These results characterize the UV behavior for the largest set of low-mass stars to date.2017AJ....154...67Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/154/67CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)J/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input catalogue. I (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfs (Mann+, 2015)J/AJ/148/64 : HAZMAT. I. UV emission in early M stars (Shkolnik+, 2014)J/AJ/147/146 : Spectroscopy of Tuc-Hor candidate members (Kraus+, 2014)J/AJ/147/20 : Spectroscopy of 447 nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2014)J/AJ/145/102 : Spectroscopy of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2013)J/AJ/143/80 : Low-mass members of B Pic & AB DOR (Schlieder+, 2012)J/A+A/556/A15 : Effective temperature scale of M dwarfs (Rajpurohit+, 2013)J/ApJ/758/56 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. II. Kinematics (Shkolnik+, 2012)J/ApJ/704/975 : Rotational velocities for M dwarfs (Jenkins+, 2009)J/ApJ/699/649 : Young M dwarfs within 25pc. I. (Shkolnik+, 2009)J/AJ/133/2825 : Star beyond the NLTT catalog (Reid+, 2007)J/AJ/132/161 : NStars project: The southern sample. I. (Gray+, 2006)J/A+A/460/695 : Search for Associations Containing Young stars (Torres+, 2006)J/A+A/442/211 : Spectroscopic distances of 322 NLTT stars (Scholz+, 2005)J/AJ/126/2048 : NStars project: the Northern Sample. I. (Gray+, 2003)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/154/67https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/67https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/67http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/154/67GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/154/67/table1 (Low-mass stars with multiple Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet (UV) observations)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/67/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/67/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/154/67/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.297845.786280.0055555555555555566/131 307 477 497 546 551 574 725 732 793 811 1008 1896 2092 2144 2194 2330 2356 2505 2515 2545 2604 2671 2747 2800 2956 3094 3715 3791 3969 4158 4299 4375 4462 4672 4739 4768 4845 4866 4867 4875 4936 5009 5176 5207 5241 5387 5435 5439 5483 5534 5651 5676 5727 5733 5767 5810 5822 5935 6097 6384 6399 6550 6662 6676 6736 6836 6880 7046 7103 7181 7471 7543 7606 7611 7623 7625 7836 7956 7980 8010 8023 8123 8394 8562 8627 8733 8739 8776 8920 9117 9119 9178 9266 9399 9428 9432 9436 9471 9529 9578 9585 9609 9629 9746 9752 9867 9954 10146 10149 10198 10303 10381 10433 10465 10476 10497 10676 10771 10901 10905 10984 11044 11177 11387 11581 11781 11926 11960 12140 12167 12454 12568 12616 12679 12889 13376 13390 13427 13432 13439 13451 13912 14859 14971 14994 15031 15061 15181 15311 15355 15960 16041 16296 16486 16708 16758 16827 17235 17372 17412 17502 17511 17534 17668 17712 17748 17813 17978 18003 18069 18440 18450 18531 18553 18569 19323 19455 19466 20074 20100 20128 20154 20240 20314 20459 20644 20867 21151 21171 21180 21473 21838 21953 22309 22325 22535 22626 22700 22720 22738 22739 23047 23094 23144 23510 23895 24103 24213 24227 24237 24297 24362 24816 24863 24977 24995 25084 25154 25209 25285 25363 25374 25443 25488 25669 25989 26016 26129 26161 26188 26214 26216 26240 26244 26279 26327 26495 26560 26583 26772 26821 26916 26919 26972 27201 27289 27392 27459 27602 27731 27762 27792 27995 28162 28195 28204 28341 28343 28477 28494 28530 28646 28955 29684 29767 30035 31019 31191 31991 32033 32055 32115 32296 32317 32319 32335 32392 32444 32500 32730 32749 33006 33049 33163 33425 33441 33468 33474 33482 33501 33523 33666 33716 33718 33737 34301 34450 34486 34708 34757 34767 34857 35154 35531 35576 35830 35969 36049 36061 36148 36174 36451 36483 36492 36526 36609 36679 36732 36796 36807 36842 36862 37379 38936 39778 40386 40388 40411 40801 40858 40938 42054 42912 44254 44696 44752 44782 44793 45317 45322 45345 45471 45472 45503 45852 46313 46601 46632 46922 47061 47064 48080 48093 48265 48274 48303 48351 48359 48423 48485 48500 48516 48559 48684 48958 49029 49101 49147https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/154/67?format=asciiUVOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/154/67/table1Low-mass stars with multiple Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) ultraviolet (UV) observationsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharGALEXOriginal data from GALEX-DR5 catalog within 10''meta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintf_Name[h] Flag on Name (h=IRXS source; there is only one)meta.codecharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (Eq=J2000, Epoch=2007)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (Eq=J2000, Epoch=2007)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTSpectral typesrc.spTypecharAge[15/5000] Age (1)Myrtime.ageintr_Age[7/18]? Age reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullabler_SpT[1/16]? Spectral type reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableDist[1.7/29.4] Distancepcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatNdet[1/81]? Number of Near-UltraViolet (NUV; 1771-2831{AA}) detectionsmeta.numberintnullableNul[1/2]? Number of NUV upper limitsmeta.numberintnullablel_<SNUV>[<=] Upper limit flag on <SNUV>meta.code.errorchar<SNUV>[1.07/3844.76]? Mean NUV flux density (f_NUV_, {mu}) (3)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullablee_<SNUV>[0.04/85.17]? Error in <SNUV>uJystat.errorfloatnullablel_SNUV0[<=] Upper limit flag on SNUV0meta.code.errorcharSNUV0[0.64/3804.04]? Minimum NUV flux density (3)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullableSNUV1[1.48/3920.06]? Maximum NUV flux density (3)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullableNMAD[0/0.76]? NUV Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) divided by the median indicated by MAD_rel_ in our plotsstat.stdevfloatnullableFdet[1/15]? Number of Far-UltraViolet (FUV; 1344-1786{AA}) detectionsmeta.numberintnullableFul[1/79]? Number of FUV upper limitsmeta.numberintnullablel_<SFUV>[<=] Upper limit flag on <SFUV>meta.code.errorchar<SFUV>[0.38/1663.33]? Mean FUV flux density (f_FUV_, {mu}) (3)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullablee_<SFUV>[0.03/41.17]? Error in <SFUV>uJystat.errorfloatnullablel_SFUV0[<=] Upper limit flag on SFUV0meta.code.errorcharSFUV0[0.14/309.92]? Minimum FUV flux density (3)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullableSFUV1[0.46/603.74]? Maximum FUV flux density (3)uJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullableFMAD[0/0.86]? FUV Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) divided by the median indicated by MAD_rel_ in our plotsstat.stdevfloatnullableP/MSUDisplay the data from the Palomar/MSU survey (Reid et al. 1995, Hawley et al. 1996, Cat. III/198) within 5''meta.ref.urlintnullableR02Display the data from Reid et al. 2002 (Cat. J/AJ/123/2806) within 5''meta.ref.urlintnullablePapIDisplay the data from the HAZMAT I paper (Shkolnik & Barman 2014, Cat. J/AJ/148/64) within 5''meta.ref.urlintnullableS13Display the data from Stelzer et al. 2013 (Cat. J/AJ/148/64) within 5''meta.ref.urlintnullableR07Display the data from Reid et al. 2007 (Cat. J/AJ/133/2825) within 5''meta.ref.urlintnullableShkDisplay the data from Shkolnik et al. 2009 (Cat. J/ApJ/699/649), and Shkolnik et al. 2012 (J/ApJ/758/56) within 5''meta.ref.urlintnullable