J/AJ/153/240ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/153/240doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51530240CDSAnsdell M.Williams J.P.Manara C.F.Miotello A.Facchini S.,van der Marel N.Testi L.van Dishoeck E.F.2017-09-11T08:46:17Z2017-08-17T08:31:06ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysstellar-associationsyoung-stellar-objectsradio-astronomymillimeter-astronomyphotometrysubmillimeter-astronomystellar-spectral-typesstellar-massesThe {sigma} Orionis cluster is important for studying protoplanetary disk evolution, as its intermediate age (~3-5Myr) is comparable to the median disk lifetime. We use ALMA to conduct a high-sensitivity survey of dust and gas in 92 protoplanetary disks around {sigma} Orionis members with M_*_>~0.1M_{Sun}_. Our observations cover the 1.33mm continuum and several CO J=2-1 lines: out of 92 sources, we detect 37 in the millimeter continuum and 6 in ^12^CO, 3 in ^13^CO, and none in C^18^O. Using the continuum emission to estimate dust mass, we find only 11 disks with M_dust_>~10M_{Earth}_, indicating that after only a few Myr of evolution most disks lack sufficient dust to form giant planet cores. Stacking the individually undetected continuum sources limits their average dust mass to 5x lower than that of the faintest detected disk, supporting theoretical models that indicate rapid dissipation once disk clearing begins. Comparing the protoplanetary disk population in {sigma} Orionis to those of other star-forming regions supports the steady decline in average dust mass and the steepening of the M_dust_-M_*_ relation with age; studying these evolutionary trends can inform the relative importance of different disk processes during key eras of planet formation. External photoevaporation from the central O9 star is influencing disk evolution throughout the region: dust masses clearly decline with decreasing separation from the photoionizing source, and the handful of CO detections exist at projected separations of >1.5pc. Collectively, our findings indicate that giant planet formation is inherently rare and/or well underway by a few Myr of age.2017AJ....153..240Ahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/153/240CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/594/A85 : 2D disk models from CO isotopologues line (Miotello+, 2016)J/AJ/152/213 : Interferometry and spectroscopy of sig Ori (Schaefer+, 2016)J/ApJ/831/125 : ALMA 887um obs. of ChaI SFR (Pascucci+, 2016)J/ApJ/828/46 : ALMA survey of Lupus protoplanetary disks. (Ansdell+, 2016)J/ApJ/827/142 : ALMA observations of GKM stars in U. Sco (Barenfeld+, 2016)J/ApJ/794/36 : sig Orionis cluster stellar population (Hernandez+, 2014)J/MNRAS/435/1671 : SCUBA-2 850um survey in sig Ori cluster (Williams+, 2013)J/A+A/548/A56 : X-shooter spectra of 12 YSOs (Rigliaco+, 2012)J/A+A/478/667 : The Mayrit catalogue (Caballero, 2008)J/ApJ/662/1067 : Sptizer observations of sigma Orionis (Hernandez+, 2007)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/240https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/240http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/153/240https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/240https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/240http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/153/240GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/153/240/sources (Continuum (table1) and gas (table2) properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/240/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/240/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/153/240/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true84.855025-2.639469440.0055555555555555566/22851 22854https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/153/240?format=asciiRadioOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/153/240/sourcesContinuum (table1) and gas (table2) propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[HHM2007][73/1369] Source identification number (G1)meta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTSpectral type (2)src.spTypechare_SpTUncertainty in SpTstat.errorfloatr_SpTReference for SpT (H14, R12, or VJ) (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharR12Display the data from Rigliaco et al. 2012 (Cat. J/A+A/548/A56) within 1.5''meta.ref.urlcharH14Display the data from Hernandez et al. 2014 (Cat. J/ApJ/794/36) within 1.5''meta.ref.urlcharMass[0.04/1.71] Stellar mass (M_*_) (4)solMassphys.massfloate_Mass[0.01/0.32] Uncertainty in Mass (4)solMassstat.error;phys.massfloatF1.33[-0.27/15.38] Atacama Large Millimeter/sub- millimeter Array (ALMA) 1.33mm (225.676GHz) continuum emission flux density (F_1.33mm_)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_F1.33[0.13/0.25] Uncertainty in F1.33 (5)mJystat.errorfloatrms[0.13/0.18] Root-mean-squaremJy/beamstat.errorfloatMdust[-1.2/68.48] Dust mass (M_dust_) (6)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloate_Mdust[0.57/1.12] Uncertainty in Mdust(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatl_F12CO[<] Upper limit flag on FC12Ometa.code.errorcharF12CO[63/1204] The ^12^CO (230.538GHz) line intensity (F_12CO_) (7)mJy.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COinte_F12CO[33/88]? Uncertainty in F12CO (7)mJy.km/sstat.errorintnullablel_F13CO[<] Upper limit flag on F13COmeta.code.errorcharF13CO[72/326] The ^13^CO (220.399 GHz) line intensity (F_13CO_) (7)mJy.km/sphot.flux.density;em.line.COinte_F13CO[54/68]? Uncertainty in F13CO (7)mJy.km/sstat.errorintnullablel_FC18O[<] Upper limit flag on FC18Ometa.code.errorcharFC18O[48/81] The C^18^O (219.560GHz) line intensity (F_C18O_) (7)mJy.km/sphot.flux.densityintMgas[2.4/7.1]? Gas mass (M_gas_)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloatnullableb_Mgas[1/1]? Lower boundary (minimum mass) of Mgas (M_gas,min_)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.minfloatnullableB_Mgas[1/31.4] Upper boundary (maximum mass) of Mgas (M_gas,max_)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.mass;stat.maxfloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar