J/AJ/151/166ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/151/166doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51510166CDSOelkers R.J.Macri L.M.Wang L.Ashley M.C.B.Cui X.Feng L.-L.,Gong X.Lawrence J.S.Qiang L.Luong-van D.Pennypacker C.R.Yuan X.,York D.G.Zhou X.Zhu Z.2017-11-10T11:16:34Z2016-07-22T13:55:56ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWide-band photometrystellar-spectral-typesstellar-flaresThe Chinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) carried out high-cadence time-series observations of ~20.1 square degrees centered on the South Celestial Pole during the 2008, 2009, and 2010 winter seasons from Dome A in Antarctica. The nearly continuous six months of dark conditions during each observing season allowed for >10^6^ images to be collected through gri and clear filters, resulting in the detection of >10^4^ sources over the course of three years of operation. The nearly space-like conditions in the Antarctic plateau are an ideal testbed for the suitability of very small-aperture (<20cm) telescopes to detect transient events, variable stars, and stellar flares. We present the results of a robust search for such objects using difference image analysis of the data obtained during the 2009 and 2010 winter seasons. While no transients were found, we detected 29 flaring events and find a normalized flaring rate of 5+/-4*10^-7^flare/hr for late-K dwarfs, 1+/-1*10^-6^flare/hr for M dwarfs and 7+/-1*10^-7^flare/hr for all other stars in our sample. We suggest future small-aperture telescopes planned for deployment at Dome A would benefit from a tracking mechanism, to help alleviate effects from ghosting, and a finer pixel scale, to increase the telescope's sensitivity to faint objects. We find that the light curves of non-transient sources have excellent photometric qualities once corrected for systematics, and are limited only by photon noise and atmospheric scintillation.2016AJ....151..166Ohttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/151/166CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/218/20 : Photometric variability search in CSTAR field (Wang+, 2015)J/AJ/149/50 : Photometry of 105 variable stars from CSTAR (Oelkers+, 2015)J/AJ/146/139 : 2010 photometry of variable stars from Dome A (Wang+, 2013)J/AJ/142/155 : Variable stars photometry from Dome A (Wang+, 2011)J/PASP/122/347 : Chinese Small Telescope ARray (CSTAR) (Zhou+, 2010)J/ApJ/675/1254 : M37 variable stars (Hartman+, 2008)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/166https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/166http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/151/166https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/166https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/166http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/151/166GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/151/166/table1 (Difference image stellar library)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/166/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/166/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/166/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true217.099292-88.6441670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/151/166/table2 (Identified candidate stellar flares)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/166/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/166/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/151/166/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true167.932458-87.8597220.0055555555555555565/8192 9216 10240 11264 6/32772 32773 32774 32776 32777 32778 36868 36869 36870 36872 36873 36874 40964 40965 40966 40968 40969 40970 45060 45061 45062 45064 45065 450662.381800341673347e-19 4.653515163505597e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/151/166?format=asciiInfraredOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/151/166/table1Difference image stellar libraryrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCSTARChinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) identification (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension from CSTAR (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination from CSTAR (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.main<gmag>[5.7/14]? Mean SDSS g band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullable<rmag>[5.7/15]? Mean SDSS r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullable<imag>[6.5/15.9]? Mean SDSS i band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableV[0/4] Variability score (0-4) (1)meta.code;src.varintLS[0/4] Periodicity Lomb-Scargle (LS) score (0-4) (2)meta.code;src.varintBLS[0/3] Periodicity Box-Least-Squares (BLS) algorithm score (0-3) (3)meta.code;src.varintClTentative classification of variable (star with a variability or periodicity (LS or BLS) score of three or more, signifying a high likelihood of variability; EB, IR, LT, MP, PR, or RR) (4)meta.code;src.varcharPer-LS[0.07/75.3]? Main Lomb-Scargle (LS) perioddtime.period;meta.maindoublenullablePer-BLS[0.02/4.31]? Main Box-Least-Squares (BLS) algorithm perioddtime.period;meta.maindoublenullableCrowd[0/1] Possibly increased magnitude from crowding (0=normal, or 1=possible contamination) (5)meta.codeintM[0/1] Possible match to another star in field (0=no multi-match, or 1=multi-match) (6)meta.codeintFSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/151/166/table2Identified candidate stellar flaresrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCSTARChinese Small Telescope Array (CSTAR) identification (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension from CSTAR (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination from CSTAR (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainBand[gri] Band where flare was identified (g, r, or i)meta.code;instr.filtercharSpTEstimated Spectral Type (K/M dwarf)src.spTypecharMJD[449.685/887.182] Modified Julian Date (MJD-2454500)dtime.epochdoubleAmp[0.022/0.777] Flare amplitudemagsrc.var.amplitudefloatLength[0.014/0.779] Length of flaredtime.intervalfloatComInformation about counterpart flare (only the i band was observed in 2010 and would not have any counterpart bands. The only observed bands in 2009 in our reduction were g and r) (1)meta.codechar