J/AJ/150/27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51500027CDSChang S.-W.Byun Y.-I.Hartman J.D.2025-11-28T20:02:24Z2016-01-08T14:13:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersvariable-starseclipsing-binary-starsstellar-flaresinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomybroad-band-photometryWe present a comprehensive re-analysis of stellar photometric variability in the field of the open cluster M37 following the application of a new photometry and de-trending method to the MMT/Megacam image archive. This new analysis allows a rare opportunity to explore photometric variability over a broad range of timescales, from minutes to a month. The intent of this work is to examine the entire sample of more than 30000 objects for periodic, aperiodic, and sporadic behaviors in their light curves. We show a modified version of the fast {chi}^2^ periodogram algorithm (F{chi}^2^) and change-point analysis as tools for detecting and assessing the significance of periodic and non-periodic variations. The benefits of our new photometry and analysis methods are evident. A total of 2306 stars exhibit convincing variations that are induced by flares, pulsations, eclipses, starspots, and unknown causes in some cases. This represents a 60% increase in the number of variables known in this field. Moreover, 30 of the previously identified variables are found to be false positives resulting from time-dependent systematic effects. The new catalog includes 61 eclipsing binary systems, 92 multiperiodic variable stars, 132 aperiodic variables, and 436 flare stars, as well as several hundreds of rotating variables. Based on extended and improved catalog of variables, we investigate the basic properties (e.g., period, amplitude, type) of all variables. The catalog can be accessed through the web interface (http://stardb.yonsei.ac.kr/).2015AJ....150...27Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/150/27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toV/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)II/294 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 7 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2009)J/ApJ/809/161 : X-ray obs. and membership probabilities of M37 (Nunez+, 2015)J/ApJ/691/342 : griBVI photometry in M37 (Hartman+, 2009)J/ApJ/675/1254 : M37 variable stars (Hartman+, 2008)J/ApJ/675/1233 : gri photometry in M37 (NGC 2099) (Hartman+, 2008)J/A+A/483/253 : BV photometry of NGC 2099 variables (Messina+, 2008)J/ApJ/628/411 : Eclipsing binaries identification and analysis (Devor+, 2005)http://stardb.yonsei.ac.kr/ : Our catalog in electronic formhttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/150/27/table1 (New catalog of 2306 variable stars in M37 field)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.084958332.55545830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/27/table2 (List of 30 stars whose variability turns out to be false)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.826416732.53380830.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/27/table4 (List of new 15 eclipsing binary candidates from the Change-Point Analysis (CPA) analysis)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true88.099541732.47401940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/27/table5 (Candidate frequencies identified in 92 multiperiodic light curves)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true89.069958332.42061110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/27/table6 (Long-term 132 aperiodic variable candidates with timescales of >1 month)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.8422532.49511110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/150/27/table7 (436 flare stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/27/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.835291732.3668750.0055555555555555566/24520-245221.5062136169708525e-19 6.090060298487514e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/150/27?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/150/27/table1New catalog of 2306 variable stars in M37 fieldrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintStar[1/2306] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.idintprimaryNameStar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharmpmeta.numberintnullableEBmeta.numberintnullableFmeta.ref.urlcharnewmeta.codecharPer[0/24.2]? Period (1)dtime.periodfloatnullableAmp[0/2.1]? Amplitude (1)magsrc.var.amplitudefloatnullableumag[13.1/26.7]? SDSS u band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablermag[13.2/24.5]? SDSS r band magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableg-r[-2.6/3.6]? The (g-r) color index (3)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rfloatnullabler-i[-1.8/6.2]? The (r-i) color index (3)magphot.color;em.opt.R;em.opt.Ifloatnullablezmag[13/23.3]? SDSS z band magnitude (2)magphot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableVmag[13.2/24.2]? V band magnitude (4)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableB-V[-0.1/3.3]? The (B-V) color index (4)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.VfloatnullableType? Variable Type (6)meta.code;src.varcharJmag[12.2/17.3]? 2MASS J band magnitude (5)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableJ-H[-1.1/1.7]? The 2MASS (J-H) color index (5)magphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.HfloatnullableH-Ks[-1.9/1.6]? The 2MASS (H-Ks) color index (5)magphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatnullableLCInteractive Light Curve plotmeta.ref.urlcharH08Display the photometry from Hartman et al. 2008 (cat. J/ApJ/675/1233) within 1.5"meta.ref.urlcharSDSSDisplay the data from SDSS DR7 (cat. II/294) photometric catalog within 1.5"meta.ref.urlchar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246)meta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition from object name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from object name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/AJ/150/27/table2List of 30 stars whose variability turns out to be false_RAPosition from object name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from object name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/30] Running sequence numbermeta.idintStar[27/1423] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.idintNameStar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharChip[3/35] Chip numbermeta.id;instrintrmag[15.5/21.9] The r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatPer[1.6/16.6]? Period obtained by Hartman et al. 2008 (cat. J/ApJ/675/1254)dtime.periodfloatnullableJ/AJ/150/27/table3Parameters for 22 detached and semi-detached eclipsing binary (EB) systemsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/22] Running sequence numbermeta.idintStar[1/2297] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.id;meta.mainintrmag[13.6/22.6] The r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatPer[0.6/6]? Orbital perioddtime.periodfloatnullablel_e[<=] Upper limit flag on eccentricitymeta.code.errore[0/0.7]? Orbital eccentricity (1)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullableRad1[0.04/0.43]? Radius of large star (in units of semimajor axis)phys.angSize;srcfloatnullableRad2[0.01/0.34]? Radius of small star (in units of semimajor axis)phys.angSize;srcfloatnullablemag1[14.2/22.9]? Brightness of large starmagphot.magfloatnullablemag2[16.8/24.6]? Brightness of small starmagphot.magfloatnullablesini[0.98/1]? Sine of inclinationsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullablet0[0.01/0.9]? Phased epoch of periastron (2)src.orbital.periastronfloatnullableomega[73/357]? Argument of periastron, {omega}degsrc.orbital.periastronfloatnullableEBType of Eclipsing Binary (EB) system (D, SD, or RM) (3)meta.code;src.varNoteNote about the systemmeta.notecharJ/AJ/150/27/table4List of new 15 eclipsing binary candidates from the Change-Point Analysis (CPA) analysisrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/15] Running sequence numbermeta.idintStar[791/2214] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.idintNameStar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharrmag[13.2/21.2] The r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatN[1/8] Number of the eventmeta.idintt0[53725.1/53756.3] First time of dimming points that were detected by the Change-Point Analysis (CPA) (1)dtime.epochdoubledt[0/4.7] Duration between the start time of the eclipse and the end, {Delta}thtimefloatl_d[<] Upper limit flag on dmeta.code.errorchard[0.01/0.3] Depth of the observed dimming pointsmagstat.fit.paramfloat_RAPosition from object name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from object name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/150/27/table5Candidate frequencies identified in 92 multiperiodic light curvesNote? Close frequency (4)meta.note_RAPosition from object name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from object name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/92] Number identifiermeta.idintStar[5/2284] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.idintNameStar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharrmag[14.5/22.3]? The r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableFreq[0.04/52.2]Frequency in units of cycles/dayem.freqfloatFNameFrequency name (1)meta.id;em.freqAmp[0.6/1092] Amplitude (2)mmagsrc.var.amplitudefloatPhase[0/1] Phasedegtime.phasefloatS/N[3.3/1730.4]? The signal to noise ratio (3)stat.snrfloatnullableJ/AJ/150/27/table6Long-term 132 aperiodic variable candidates with timescales of >1 monthrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/132] Running sequence numbermeta.idintStar[58/2305] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.idintNameStar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharrmag[13.9/21.8]? The r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablerms[0.002/0.4] Light curve rms, {sigma}_m_ (1)magstat.stdev;phot.magfloatAmp[0.01/2.1] Light curve amplitude, {Delta}m (2)magsrc.var.amplitudefloatchi2[0.9/11220.4] Reduced {chi}^2^ statistic, {chi}^2^_v_ (3)stat.fit.chi2floatNp[135/4730] Number of data pointsmeta.numberintPer[3.7/21.6]? Previously known period (4)dtime.periodfloatnullable_RAPosition from object name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from object name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/AJ/150/27/table7436 flare starsStar[42/2306] Variable star identifier (G1)meta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/436] Running sequence numbermeta.idintNameStar identifier (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.ss, J2000)meta.id;meta.maincharrmag[15.1/24.5]? The r band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.RfloatnullableN[1/6] Number of the flare eventmeta.idintTpeak[53725.1/53756.3] The time at flare peakdtime.epoch;stat.maxdoubleFAmp[0.006/3.8] The incremental magnitude at flare peak, {Delta}m_peak_magphot.mag;stat.maxfloattau[0/2.9] The flare duration, {tau}_0.2_ (1)htime.durationfloatVar[Var] Indicates spot-induced variability (2)meta.codechar_RAPosition from object name (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition from object name (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main