J/AJ/150/123ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/150/123doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51500123CDSRebull L.M.Carlberg J.K.Gibbs J.C.Deeb J.E.Larsen E.Black D.V.,Altepeter S.Bucksbee E.Cashen S.Clarke M.Datta A.Hodgson E.,Lince M.2017-09-29T09:02:59Z2016-04-05T09:05:29ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frk-starsgiant-starschemical-abundancesphotometryInfrared (IR) excesses around K-type red giants (RGs) have previously been discovered using Infrared Astronomy Satellite (IRAS) data, and past studies have suggested a link between RGs with overabundant Li and IR excesses, implying the ejection of circumstellar shells or disks. We revisit the question of IR excesses around RGs using higher spatial resolution IR data, primarily from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. Our goal was to elucidate the link between three unusual RG properties: fast rotation, enriched Li, and IR excess. Our sample of RGs includes those with previous IR detections, a sample with well-defined rotation and Li abundance measurements with no previous IR measurements, and a large sample of RGs asserted to be Li-rich in the literature; we have 316 targets thought to be K giants, about 40% of which we take to be Li-rich. In 24 cases with previous detections of IR excess at low spatial resolution, we believe that source confusion is playing a role, in that either (a) the source that is bright in the optical is not responsible for the IR flux, or (b) there is more than one source responsible for the IR flux as measured in IRAS. We looked for IR excesses in the remaining sources, identifying 28 that have significant IR excesses by ~20{mu}m (with possible excesses for 2 additional sources). There appears to be an intriguing correlation in that the largest IR excesses are all in Li-rich K giants, though very few Li-rich K giants have IR excesses (large or small). These largest IR excesses also tend to be found in the fastest rotators. There is no correlation of IR excess with the carbon isotopic ratio, ^12^C/^13^C. IR excesses by 20{mu}m, though relatively rare, are at least twice as common among our sample of Li-rich K giants. If dust shell production is a common by-product of Li enrichment mechanisms, these observations suggest that the IR excess stage is very short-lived, which is supported by theoretical calculations. Conversely, the Li-enrichment mechanism may only occasionally produce dust, and an additional parameter (e.g., rotation) may control whether or not a shell is ejected.2015AJ....150..123Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/150/123CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/denis : The DENIS database (DENIS Consortium, 2005)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)V/139 : The SDSS Photometric Catalog, Release 9 (Adelman-McCarthy+, 2012)II/298 : AKARI/FIS All-Sky Survey Point Source Catalogues (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/297 : AKARI/IRC mid-IR all-sky Survey (ISAS/JAXA, 2010)II/281 : 2MASS 6X Point Source Working Database / Catalog (Cutri+ 2006)V/114 : MSX6C Infrared Point Source Catalog (Egan+ 2003)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/156 : IRAS Faint Source Catalog, |b|>10, Version 2.0 (Moshir+ 1989)II/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)J/A+A/569/A55 : Abundances and vsini for 348 red giants (Adamow+, 2014)J/ApJ/757/109 : Velocities + Li abundance in K giants (Carlberg+, 2012)J/AJ/133/2464 : Parameters and abundances of nearby giants (Luck+, 2007)J/A+A/364/674 : Li-rich giants atomic lines (Castilho+, 2001)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/123https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/123http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/150/123https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/123https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/123http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/150/123GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/150/123/table1 (Catalog)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/123/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/123/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/150/123/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true3.04159611-17.938278060.0055555555555555566/204 346 920 946 1012 1408 1506 1930 2312 2839 3017 3099 3115 3121 3192 3579 3620 3855 3876 4441 4950 5201 5255 5374 5416 5451 5472 6024 6191 6219 6226 6251 6300 6459 6740 6760 6761 7045 7069 7103 7279 7322 7325 7332 7487 7511 7760 7964 8222 8259 8331 8350 8371 8645 8724 8734 8767 8866 9120 9227 9350 9774 10161 10164 10310 10336 10444 10628 10632 10833 10886 10917 11048 11165 11473 11722 12030 12083 12111 12449 12782 13154 13231 13641 13947 14007 14032 14175 14197 14259 14427 14466 14752 14906 14918 14920 14930 15011 15308 15310 15339 15432 15624 15707 15893 15901 15911 16034 16815 17444 17902 18471 18688 18888 18921 19138 19405 19414 19824 19825 20542 20921 21004 21131 21174 21307 21360 21442 21531 21543 21597 21909 21977 22218 22293 22518 22732 22938 23010 23210 23274 23341 23372 23638 23680 23839 24046 24228 24330 24398 24484 24843 25291 25351 25377 25388 25483 25608 25672 25930 26026 26083 26202 26432 26595 26669 26897 27034 27169 27242 27580 27663 27736 27962 28149 28361 28538 28624 28673 28684 28838 28876 28890 28905 29029 29162 29199 29391 29419 29440 29446 29880 30099 30231 30241 30258 30275 30287 30319 30321 30512 30541 30665 30670 30693 30708 30715 30755 31017 31125 31297 31416 31445 31730 31749 31821 32208 33295 33330 33537 33705 34075 34501 34613 35549 35964 35969 36073 36300 36612 36980 37147 37238 37325 37371 37461 37617 37698 37922 37933 39210 39647 39675 39774 39889 40140 40280 40336 40408 40566 40570 40580 40635 40667 40757 40913 40975 41023 41126 41503 41599 41639 41709 41770 42046 42101 42127 42156 42169 42205 42216 42432 42444 42460 43014 43022 43317 43416 43806 43893 44015 44127 44371 44754 44859 45226 45387 45576 45655 45765 45786 46394 47078 47299 47348 47997 48102 48436 48570 485751.086335461506279e-21 6.090060298487514e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/150/123?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/150/123/table1CatalogSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharMSXName from MSX catalog (cat. V/114)meta.idcharq_W2mag[ABC] Data quality flag for W2mag (A, B, or C) (4)meta.code.qualcharTeff[3300/7032]? Effective temperature (2)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryConfSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharONameOther source namemeta.idcharRAJ2000Right ascension in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.maindlR97Flag "dlR97" to indicate source is part of the sample from de la Reza et al. (1997ApJ...482L..77D)meta.codecharC12Flag "C12" to indicate star is part of the sample from Carlberg et al. 2012 (cat. J/ApJ/757/109)meta.codecharLi1Flag "lit" to indicate star is selected from literature as a Li-rich giant (1)meta.codecharLi2A "yes" means source is identified in the literature as a Li-rich giant (yes or no)meta.codecharLi3A "yes" means source is selected here as a Li-rich giant (yes or no)meta.codecharl_W4mag[>] Lower limit flag for W4magmeta.code.errorcharALi1[-1.7/4]? Lithium abundance under assumption of Non-Local Thermodynamic-Equilibrium (NLTE) (2)phys.abundfloatnullablel_ALi2[<] Upper limit flag on ALi2meta.code.errorcharALi2[-2/4.6]? Lithium abundance under assumption of LTE (2)phys.abundfloatnullablel_12C/13C[<>] Limit flag on 12C/13Cmeta.code.errorchar12C/13C[1/40.3]? The ^12^C/^13^C ratio (2)phot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablevsini[0/42]? Projected rotational velocity (2)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablelogg[-0.5/4.3]? Log surface gravity (2)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullableUmag[2.4/10.1]? Vega-based magnitude in U bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_Umag[0.22]? Error in Umag (3)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.UfloatnullableBmag[1/21]? Vega-based magnitude in B bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_Bmag[0.15]? Error in Bmag (3)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.BfloatnullableVmag[-0.05/18]? Vega-based magnitude in V bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_Vmag[0.15]? Error in Vmag (3)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableRmag[-1.1/20]? Vega-based magnitude in R bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_Rmag[0.15]? Error in Rmag (3)magstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableumag[8.2/24.7]? AB SDSS magnitude in u bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umag[0.01/1.25]? Error in umagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablegmag[7.1/22.2]? AB SDSS magnitude in g bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmag[0.01/1.1]? Error in gmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablermag[5.7/24.8]? AB SDSS magnitude in r bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmag[0.01/1.8]? Error in rmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullableimag[5.7/21]? AB SDSS magnitude in i bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imag[0.01/1.1]? Error in imagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablezmag[6.2/22.9]? AB SDSS magnitude in z bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmag[0.01/1.4]? Error in zmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableSloanDisplay the SDSS data for this starmeta.ref.urlcharSDSSDisplay the SDSS-DR9 data (cat. V/139) within 5''meta.ref.urlchar2MASSName from 2MASS (cat. II/246) or 2MASX (cat. II/281) catalog (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs; J2000)meta.idcharl_Jmag[>] Lower limit flag for Jmagmeta.code.errorcharJmag[-2.3/18.4]? 2MASS J band Vega-based magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_Jmag[0/0.45]? Error in Jmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullableq_Jmag[ABCDU] 2MASS data quality flag for Jmag (A, B, C, D, or U) (4)meta.code.qualcharl_Hmag[>] Lower limit flag for Hmagmeta.code.errorcharHmag[-2.3/16.5]? 2MASS H band Vega-based magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_Hmag[0.01/0.5]? Error in Hmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullableq_Hmag[ABCDU] 2MASS data quality flag for Hmag (A, B, C, D, or U) (4)meta.code.qualcharl_Kmag[>] Lower limit flag for Kmagmeta.code.errorcharKmag[-3/16]? 2MASS Ks band Vega-based magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Kmag[0/0.5]? Error in Kmagmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullableq_Kmag[ABCDEU] 2MASS data quality flag for Kmag (A, B, C, D, E, or U) (4)meta.code.qualcharDENISName from Deep Near Infrared Survey of the Southern Sky (DENIS) catalog (cat. B/denis; JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS)meta.idcharImagD[7.7/18]? Vega-based DENIS magnitude in I bandmagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_ImagD[0.02/0.5]? Error in ImagDmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.opt.IfloatnullableJmagD[3.7/16.6]? J band Vega-based DENIS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JmagD[0.04/0.5]? Error in JmagDmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableKmagD[2.8/13.4]? K band Vega-based DENIS magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_KmagD[0.06/0.5]? Error in KmagDmagstat.error;phot.mag;em.IR.KfloatnullableWISEName from WISE (AllWISE) catalog (cat. II/328) or reject catalog (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.idcharl_W1mag[<>] Limit flag for W1magmeta.code.errorcharW1mag[-1.7/17.7]? Vega-based magnitude in WISE W1 (3.4{mu}m)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_W1mag[0.01/0.6]? Error in W1magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableq_W1mag[ABC] Data quality flag for W1mag (A, B, or C) (4)meta.code.qualcharl_W2mag[<>] Limit flag for W2magmeta.code.errorcharW2mag[-2.4/17.3]? Vega-based magnitude in WISE W2 (4.6{mu}m)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_W2mag[0.02/0.6]? Error in W2magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablel_W3mag[<>] Limit flag for W3magmeta.code.errorcharW3mag[-2.9/12.9]? Vega-based magnitude in WISE W3 (12{mu}m)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_W3mag[0.01/0.5]? Error in W3magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableq_W3mag[ABC] Data quality flag in W3mag (A, B, or C) (4)meta.code.qualcharW4mag[-3/10]? Vega-based magnitude in WISE W4 (22{mu}m)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_W4mag[0/0.6]? Error in W4magmagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableq_W4mag[ABC] Data quality flag in W4mag (A, B, or C) (4)meta.code.qualcharSEIPName from source list of Spitzer Enhanced Imaging Products (SEIP; JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s)meta.idchar[3.6][3.3/18.2]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAC-1 (3.6{mu}m)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_[3.6][0.04/0.06]? Error in [3.6]magstat.errorfloatnullable[4.5][3.6/18.2]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAC-2 (4.5{mu}m)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.5][0.04/0.08]? Error in [4.5]magstat.errorfloatnullable[5.8][3.3/17.4]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAC-3 (5.8{mu}m)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[5.8][0.04/0.2]? Error in [5.8]magstat.errorfloatnullable[8.0][5.8/16.1]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAC-4 (8{mu}m)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_[8.0][0.04/0.4]? Error in [8.0]magstat.errorfloatnullable[24][0.85/7.5]? Vega-based magnitude in MIPS-1 (24{mu}m)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_[24][0.04/0.05]? Error in [24]magstat.errorfloatnullablePSCName from IRAS Point Source Catalog (PSC, cat. II/125)meta.idchar[12][-3.7/5.5]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-1 12{mu}m from PSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableS12p[193.9/793100]? Flux density in IRAS-1 12{mu}m from PSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullableq_S12p[123] Data quality flag for S12p (1, 2, or 3) (7)meta.code.qualchar[25][-5.6/4]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-2 25{mu}m from PSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableS25p[171.4/1.075e+06]? Flux density in IRAS-2 25{mu}m from PSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullableq_S25p[123] Data quality flag for S25p (1, 2, or 3) (7)meta.code.qualchar[60][-9.3/1.4]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-3 60{mu}m from PSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullableS60p[345.9/6.234e+06]? Flux density in IRAS-3 60{mu}m from PSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullableq_S60p[123] Data quality flag for S60p (1, 2, or 3) (7)meta.code.qualchar[100][-11/-0.9]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-4 100{mu}m from PSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullableS100p[1000/8.651e+06]? Flux density in IRAS-4 100{mu}m from PSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullableq_S100p[123] Data quality flag for S100p (1, 2, or 3) (7)meta.code.qualcharFSCName from IRAS Faint Source Catalog (FSC, cat. II/156)meta.idchar12mag[-1.7/6.2]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-1 12{mu}m from FSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableS12f[96.03/126400]? Flux density in IRAS-1 12{mu}m from FSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullableq_S12f[23] Data quality flag for S12f (2 or 3) (7)meta.code.qualchar25mag[-2.1/5]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-2 25{mu}m from FSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableS25f[67.6/44790]? Flux density in IRAS-2 25{mu}m from FSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullableq_S25f[123] Data quality flag for S25f (1, 2, or 3) (7)meta.code.qualchar60mag[-4.4/2.9]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-3 60{mu}m from FSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullableS60f[85/64280]? Flux density in IRAS-3 60{mu}m from FSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullableq_S60f[123] Data quality flag for S60f (1, 2, or 3) (7)meta.code.qualchar100mag[-6.1/0.4]? Vega-based magnitude in IRAS-4 100{mu}m from FSC (5)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullableS100f[297/111600]? Flux density in IRAS-4 100{mu}m from FSC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullableq_S100f[12] Data quality flag for S100f (1 or 2) (7)meta.code.qualcharIRCName from AKARI/IRC catalog, v1 (cat. II/297; HHMMSSs+DDMMSS, J2000)meta.idcharS09[62/168400]? Flux density in 9{mu}m from AKARI/IRC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_S09[0.09/3170]? Error in S09 (6)mJystat.errordoublenullableS18[103/1.105e+06]? Flux density in 18{mu}m from AKARI IRC (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_S18[2/15400]? Error in S18 (6)mJystat.errordoublenullableFISName from AKARI/FIS catalog, v1 (cat. II/298; HHMMSSs+DDMMSS, J2000)meta.idcharS65[331/102700]? Flux density in 65{mu}m from AKARI/FIS (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_S65[90/8670]? Error in S65 (6)mJystat.errordoublenullableS90[399/72980]? Flux density in 90{mu}m from AKARI/FIS (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullablee_S90[34.5/9540]? Error in S90 (6)mJystat.errordoublenullableS140[180.5/37520]? Flux density in 140{mu}m from AKARI/FIS (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_S140[30/9350]? Error in S140 (6)mJystat.errordoublenullableS160[129/45330]? Flux density in 160{mu}m from AKARI/FIS (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.1500-3000GHzdoublenullablee_S160[79/5580]? Error in S160 (6)mJystat.errordoublenullableA[86/35395]? Flux density in MSX Band A (7.76{mu}m) (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_A[41/77]? Error in A (8)stat.errorintnullableB1[5731/72455]? Flux density in MSX Band B1 (4.29{mu}m) (6)mJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_B1[89/471]? Error in B1 (8)stat.errorintnullableB2[2280/60681]? Flux density in MSX Band B2 (4.35{mu}m) (6)mJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_B2[94/415]? Error in B2 (8)stat.errorintnullableC[300/101040]? Flux density in MSX Band C (11.99{mu}m) (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_C[50/426]? Error in C (8)stat.errorintnullableD[483/181100]? Flux density in MSX Band D (14.55{mu}m) (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_D[61/272]? Error in D (8)stat.errorintnullableE[456/622340]? Flux density in MSX Band E (20.68{mu}m) (6)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umdoublenullablee_E[60/303]? Error in E (8)stat.errorintnullableJ/AJ/150/123/table4Objects that are dropped from the main samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharONameOther source namemeta.idcharConfFlag "x" indicates source confusion (1)meta.codecharf_ConfFlag "m?" indicates that there may be multiple sources represented in the SED (2)meta.codecharSEDFlag "x" indicates steep SED (3)meta.codecharNoteNotesmeta.noteJ/AJ/150/123/table6Special notes on targetsLitOther literaturemeta.bibcharNoteNotesmeta.noterecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of sourcemeta.id;meta.maincharONameOther source namemeta.idchardlR97Flag "dlR97" to indicate source is part of the sample from de la Reza et al. (1997ApJ...482L..77D)meta.codecharC12Flag "C12" to indicate star is part of the sample from Carlberg et al. 2012 (cat. J/ApJ/757/109)meta.codecharStatusStatusmeta.notecharSpSpectroscopic notes (A(Li), log g, T_eff_?)meta.note