J/AJ/147/20ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/147/20doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51470020CDSNewton E.R.Charbonneau D.Irwin J.Berta-Thompson Z.K.Rojas-Ayala B.,Covey K.Lloyd J.P.2023-02-14T15:15:31Z2014-09-16T12:30:10ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsdwarf-starsparallaxspectroscopyline-intensitiesproper-motionsmetallicityradial-velocitystellar-spectral-typesWe present metallicities, radial velocities, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral types for 447 M dwarfs determined from moderate resolution (R{approx}2000) NIR spectra obtained with the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF)/SpeX. These M dwarfs are primarily targets of the MEarth Survey, a transiting planet survey searching for super Earths around mid-to-late M dwarfs within 33pc. We present NIR spectral types for each star and new spectral templates for the IRTF in the Y, J, H, and K-bands, created using M dwarfs with near-solar metallicities. We developed two spectroscopic distance calibrations that use NIR spectral type or an index based on the curvature of the K-band continuum. Our distance calibration has a scatter of 14%. We searched 27 NIR spectral lines and 10 spectral indices for metallicity sensitive features, taking into account correlated noise in our estimates of the errors on these parameters. We calibrated our relation using 36 M dwarfs in common proper pairs with an F-, G-, or K-type star of known metallicity. We validated the physical association of these pairs using proper motions, radial velocities, and spectroscopic distance estimates. Our resulting metallicity calibration uses the sodium doublet at 2.2{mu}m as the sole indicator for metallicity. It has an accuracy of 0.12dex inferred from the scatter between the metallicities of the primaries and the estimated metallicities of the secondaries. Our relation is valid for NIR spectral types from M1V to M5V and for -1.0dex<[Fe/H]<+0.35dex. We present a new color-color metallicity relation using J-H and J-K colors that directly relates two observables: the distance from the M dwarf main sequence and equivalent width of the sodium line at 2.2{mu}m. We used radial velocities of M dwarf binaries, observations at different epochs, and comparison between our measurements and precisely measured radial velocities to demonstrate a 4km/s accuracy.2014AJ....147...20Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/147/20CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)I/259 : The Tycho-2 Catalogue (Hog+ 2000)III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)J/ApJ/748/93 : K-band spectra for 133 nearby M dwarfs (Rojas-Ayala+, 2012)J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)J/ApJ/697/544 : Planets orbiting metal-poor dwarfs. II. (Sozzetti+, 2009)J/ApJS/159/141 : Spectroscopic properties of cool stars. I. (Valenti+, 2005)J/A+A/415/1153 : [Fe/H] for 98 extra-solar planet-host stars (Santos+, 2004)J/ApJ/582/1011 : Revised NLTT Catalog (Salim+, 2003)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/147/20https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/147/20GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/147/20/cpm (M dwarf common proper motion (CPM) pairs: observational properties (Table2) , and measured properties (Table3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/cpm?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/cpm?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/cpm?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true11.30658330.26416670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/147/20/table6 (All stars from our rotation and nearby samples)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/table6?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/table6?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/table6?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.31591676.99322220.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/AJ/147/20/table7 (M dwarfs observed by Rojas-Ayala et al. (2012, cat. J/ApJ/748/93))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/table7?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/table7?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/147/20/table7?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true2.882541759.14441670.0055555555555555566/22 125 131 194 250 309 462 527 546-547 572 636 648 725 811 815 824 836 861 918 1020 1025 1122 1256 1274 1423 1597 1628 1635 1703 1710 1712 1875 1911 1953 2190 2330 2456 2484 2500 2737 2739 2782-2783 2922 2958 3005 3035 3162 3293 3313 3345 3659 3715 3751 3837 3889 4128 4145 4158 4299 4425 4444 4553 4560 4629 4685 4693 4716 4739 4770 4867 4931-4932 5000 5009 5176 5211 5304 5333 5343 5387 5420 5422 5428 5463 5483 5488 5504 5534 5590 5610 5630 5743 5769 5810 5842 5849 5860 5902 5917 5927 5935 6045 6066 6073 6151 6169 6275 6295 6325 6437 6480 6550 6552 6637 6672 6690 6705 6721 6726 6750 6809 6880 6888 6894 6974 6978 7042 7103 7147 7181 7230-7231 7262 7264 7277 7313 7376 7388 7395 7512 7516 7797 7810 8023 8205 8281 8331 8355 8392 8440 8446 8483 8536 8562 8574 8588 8592-8593 8608 8652 8723 8756 8765 8776 8894 8920 9042 9146 9311 9347 9383 9471 9531 9629 9696 9710 9747 9801 9867 9883 9960 10037 10062 10149 10169 10278 10303 10381 10384 10416 10433 10448 10467 10626 10644 10774 10790 10834 11044 11055-11056 11183 11391 11459 11496 11527 11593 11636 11713 11884 11962 12329 12439 12454 12568 12601 12679 12728 12777 12789 12856 12865 12889-12890 13065 13158 13198 13260 13262 13282 13346 13451 13512 13567 13659 13688 13743 13748 13750 13788 13875 14072 14089 14140 14159 14187 14220 14252 14266 14314 14373 14410 14419 14467 14515 14576 14580 14603 14666 14673 14709 14756 14772 14858 14910 14971 14985 15052 15239 15311 15346 15379 15516 15530 15548 15592 15598 15602 15766 15776 15784 15953 15960 16041 16056 16137 17341 17776 17785 17813 17843 17863 17890 18007 18112 18218 18268 18440 18450 18496 18666 18761 18942 19065 19137 19211 19323 19328 19436 19466 19479 19510 19549 19554 19586-19587 19606 19612 19668 19751 19777 19836 19879 19886 20035 20071 20074 20154 20238 20257 20291 20299 20314 20362 20379 20395 20402 20459 20473 21477 21726 21884 21953-21954 21986 21988 22014 22040 22148 22222 22236 22252-22253 22289 22302 22309 22325 22343 22367 22413 22420 22645 22709 22807 22878 22992 23018 23213 23265 23292-23293 23328 23331 23363 23391 23425 23443 23465 23482 23487 23519 23527 23564 23575 23595 23607 23696 23704 23718 23730 23735 23738 23743 23859 23867 23997 24223 24227 24249 24288 24313 24330 24336 24362 25003 25153 25880 26048 26055 26063 26085 26279 26327 26340 26388 26473 26507 26522 26538 26563 26583 26594 26599 26623 26699 26706 26956 26972 27056 27063 27086 27102 27104 27225 27311 27326 27357 27392 27419 27441 27459 27462 27519 27537 27578 27704 27731 27762 27792 27820 27909-27910 27967 27973 28053 28055 28087 28093 28135 28306 28325 28340 28343 28360 28387 28417 28421 28454 28459 28477 28548 28646 29458 29756 30105 30146 30177 30193 30200 30388 30392 30455 30505 30522 30555 30576 30613 30771 30833 30974 30989 31014 31148 31216 31226 31327 31592 31740 31764 31767 31773 31781 31803 31811 31986 32015 32033 32038 32063 32076 32089 32093 32104 32115 32158 32224 32229 32262 32278 32329 32335 32444 32491 32500 32541 32553 32575 32749 32753 36078 36541 38870 40679 40941 44284 44379 44613 44921 44937 489068.650015785639275e-20 9.710690472292815e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/147/20?format=asciidefaultJ/AJ/147/20/cpmM dwarf common proper motion (CPM) pairs: observational properties (Table2) , and measured properties (Table3)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablef_Kmag[i] No Ks magnitude found for Gl 806.1B (4)meta.codecharDist2Distance for secondary (5)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintu_Dist2[:] Uncertainty flag on Distmeta.code.errorcharName1Name of the primary in the M dwarf common proper motion (CPM) pairmeta.idcharpmRA1Primary proper motion along Right Ascension (6)arcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDE1Primary proper motion along Declination (6)arcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatDist1Distance for primary (6)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintu_Dist1[:] Uncertainty flag on Dist1meta.code.errorcharf_Dist1[h] Primary distance estimated with M(Ks)=6 (7)meta.codecharSpTNear-infrared spectral typesrc.spTypecharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainf_Name2[g] Flag on Name2 (1)meta.codechar[Fe/H]2Iron abundance for secondarylog(Sun)phys.abund.FefloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSM dwarfs sample (G3)meta.idcharName2Name of the secondary in the M dwarf common proper motion (CPM) pairmeta.id;meta.maincharDEJ2000Degree of the Declination (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRA2Secondary proper motion along Right Ascensionarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatf_pmRA2[f] Flag for Hipparcos proper motion (2)meta.codecharpmDE2Secondary proper motion along Declinationarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatf_pmDE2[f] Flag for Hipparcos proper motion (2)meta.codecharRefReference for astrometry; in refs.dat file (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharKmagApparent 2MASS Ks magnitude (cat. II/246)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatu_Kmag[:] Uncertainty flag on Kmagmeta.code.errorcharEWNaNa line equivalent width (2.21{mu}m); in {AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWNaUncertainty in EWNa0.1nmstat.errorfloatEWCaCa line equivalent width (2.26{mu}m); in {AA})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWCaUncertainty in EWCa0.1nmstat.errorfloatH2O-K2Value of the H_2_O-K2 indexspect.indexfloate_H2O-K2Uncertainty in H2O-K2stat.errorfloate_[Fe/H]2Uncertainty in [Fe/H]2log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloat[Fe/H]1Iron abundance for primarylog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]1? Uncertainty in [Fe/H]1log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloatnullabler_[Fe/H]1Reference for [Fe/H]1; in refs.dat filemeta.refchar[Fe/H]1b? Alternative iron abundance for primary (8)log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_[Fe/H]1b? Uncertainty in [Fe/H]1blog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloatnullabler_[Fe/H]1bReference for [Fe/H]1b; in refs.dat filemeta.refchar[Fe/H]1c? Alternative iron abundance for primary (8)log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_[Fe/H]1c? Uncertainty in [Fe/H]1clog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.Fefloatnullabler_[Fe/H]1cReference for [Fe/H]1c; in refs.dat filemeta.refcharRV2Radial velocity for secondarykm/sspect.dopplerVelocinte_RV2Uncertainty in RV2km/sstat.errorintRV1Radial velocity for primarykm/sspect.dopplerVelocfloatr_RV1Reference for RV1; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framechar2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246) for the secondarymeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/147/20/table6All stars from our rotation and nearby samplesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRmeta.ref.urlintnullableNameName in LSPM Catalog (Lepine et al., 2005, cat. I/298); except for 4 stars (LP 613-22, 2MASS J11414417-2312514, LP 794-19, and LP 858-23)meta.id;meta.maincharm_NameBinary component (1)meta.code.multipcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (2)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (2)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion along Right Ascension (2)arcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharpmDEProper motion along Declination (2)arcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatKmag? Apparent 2MASS Ks magnitude (cat. II/246)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablef_Kmag[1]? Poor quality 2MASS magnitudes (3)meta.codeintnullableJ1[1]? Flag for joint values for binaries (4)meta.codeintnullableSpTNear-infrared spectral type (5)src.spTypecharSpTpSpectral type from PMSU survey (G2)src.spTypecharEWNaNa line equivalent width (2.21{mu}m); in {AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWNaError in EWNa; in {AA}0.1nmstat.errorfloatEWCaCa line equivalent width (2.26{mu}m); in {AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWCaError in EWCa; in {AA}0.1nmstat.errorfloatH2O-K2Value of the H_2_O-K2 indexspect.indexfloate_H2O-K2Error in H2O-K2stat.errorfloat[Fe/H]Iron abundance with respect to solarlog(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]Error in iron abundancelog(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatRVRadial Velocity measured from NIR spectralkm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricinte_RVError in RVkm/sstat.errorintRVp? Radial velocity from PMSU survey (G2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableJ2[0/1]? Joint RVPMSU & SpTPMSU measurements (6)meta.codeintnullableDist? Distance estimate using H2O-K2 index (7)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullablef_Dist[1]? Flag for distance estimate quality (8)meta.codeintnullableplx? Parallaxmaspos.parallax.spectfloatnullablee_plx? Error in parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatnullablef_plx[0/1]? 1=parallax assumed to be that of common proper motion (CPM) primarymeta.codeintnullabler_plxReference for plx; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharJDStarting Julian date of observationtime.epochdoubleObsObservational sample (9)meta.idcharPMSUCross-match with Palomar/MSU catalog (Hawley et al., 1997, cat. III/198) within 20"meta.ref.urlintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246) for the secondarymeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/147/20/table7M dwarfs observed by Rojas-Ayala et al. (2012, cat. J/ApJ/748/93)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableRmeta.ref.urlintnullableONameName in Rojas-Ayala et al. (2012, cat. J/ApJ/748/93)meta.idcharR12Display the data from Rojas-Ayala et al. (2012, cat. J/ApJ/748/93)meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Hour of Right Ascension (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName in LSPM catalog (Lepine et al., 2005, cat. I/298)meta.id;meta.maincharName2Second LSPM namemeta.idcharDEJ2000Degree of Declination (J2000) (G1)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion along Right Ascensionarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion along Right Ascensionarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatRefReference for Astrometry; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharKmagApparent 2MASS Ks magnitude (cat. II/246)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatSpTNIR spectral type (1)src.spTypecharSpTpSpectral type from PMSU survey (G2)src.spTypecharEWNaEquivalent width of Na line; 2.21{mu}m (2)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloate_EWNaError in EWNa0.1nmstat.errorfloate_EWCaError in EWCa0.1nmstat.errorfloatEWCaEquivalent width of Ca line; 2.26{mu}m (2)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatH2O-K2Value of the H2O-K2 indexspect.indexfloate_H2O-K2Error in H2O-K2stat.errorfloat[Fe/H]Iron abundance with respect to solar (2)log(Sun)phys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]Error in [Fe/H]log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatRVp? Radial velocity from PMSU survey (G2)km/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullableDist1Distance estimate using H2O-K2 index (3)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintDist2? Distance from parallaxpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatnullabler_Dist2Reference for Dist2; in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharObsObservational sample listed in Rojas-Ayala et al. (2012, cat. J/ApJ/748/93) (4)meta.idcharPMSUCross-match with Palomar/MSU catalog (Hawley et al., 1997, cat. III/198) within 20"meta.ref.urlintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246) for the secondarymeta.ref.urlcharJ/AJ/147/20/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference identifierpos.framecharBibCodeBibliographic codemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharCatCatalogmeta.id;meta.mainchar