J/AJ/145/102ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/145/102doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51450102CDSLepine S.Hilton E.J.Mann A.W.Wilde M.Rojas-Ayala B.Cruz K.L.,Gaidos E.2017-06-12T08:24:52Z2014-05-12T07:36:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frdwarf-starsm-starsspectroscopyeffective-temperatureparallaxvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsWe present a spectroscopic catalog of the 1564 brightest (J<9) M dwarf candidates in the northern sky, as selected from the SUPERBLINK proper motion catalog. Observations confirm 1408 of the candidates to be late-K and M dwarfs with spectral subtypes K7-M6. From the low ({mu}>40mas/yr) proper motion limit and high level of completeness of the SUPERBLINK catalog in that magnitude range, we estimate that our spectroscopic census most likely includes >90% of all existing, northern-sky M dwarfs with apparent magnitude J<9. Only 682 stars in our sample are listed in the Third Catalog of Nearby Stars (CNS3); most others are relative unknowns and have spectroscopic data presented here for the first time. Spectral subtypes are assigned based on spectral index measurements of CaH and TiO molecular bands; a comparison of spectra from the same stars obtained at different observatories, however, reveals that spectral band index measurements are dependent on spectral resolution, spectrophotometric calibration, and other instrumental factors. As a result, we find that a consistent classification scheme requires that spectral indices be calibrated and corrected for each observatory/instrument used. After systematic corrections and a recalibration of the subtype-index relationships for the CaH2, CaH3, TiO5, and TiO6 spectral indices, we find that we can consistently and reliably classify all our stars to a half-subtype precision. The use of corrected spectral indices further requires us to recalibrate the {zeta} parameter, a metallicity indicator based on the ratio of TiO and CaH optical bandheads. However, we find that our {zeta} values are not sensitive enough to diagnose metallicity variations in dwarfs of subtypes M2 and earlier (+/-0.5dex accuracy) and are only marginally useful at later M3-M5 subtypes (+/-0.2dex accuracy). Fits of our spectra to the Phoenix atmospheric model grid are used to estimate effective temperatures. These suggest the existence of a plateau in the M1-M3 subtype range, in agreement with model fits of infrared spectra but at odds with photometric determinations of T_eff_. Existing geometric parallax measurements are extracted from the literature for 624 stars, and are used to determine spectroscopic and photometric distances for all the other stars. Active dwarfs are identified from measurements of H{alpha} equivalent widths, and we find a strong correlation between H{alpha} emission in M dwarfs and detected X-ray emission from ROSAT and/or a large UV excess in the GALEX point source catalog. We combine proper motion data and photometric distances to evaluate the (U, V, W) distribution in velocity space, which is found to correlate tightly with the velocity distribution of G dwarfs in the solar neighborhood. However, active stars show a smaller dispersion in their space velocities, which is consistent with those stars being younger on average. Our catalog will be most useful to guide the selection of the best M dwarf targets for exoplanet searches, in particular those using high-precision radial velocity measurements.2013AJ....145..102Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/145/102CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/312 : GALEX-DR5 (GR5) sources from AIS and MIS (Bianchi+ 2011)I/298 : LSPM-North Catalog (Lepine+ 2005)IX/10 : ROSAT All-Sky Bright Source Catalogue (1RXS) (Voges+ 1999)III/198 : Palomar/MSU nearby star spectroscopic survey (Hawley+ 1997)I/239 : The Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues (ESA 1997)V/70 : Nearby Stars, Preliminary 3rd Version (Gliese+ 1991)J/AJ/142/138 : All-sky catalog of bright M dwarfs (Lepine+, 2011)J/AJ/133/439 : Luminosity function of M7-L8 ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2007)J/AJ/126/2421 : 2MASS-Selected sample of ultracool dwarfs (Cruz+, 2003)J/AJ/123/2828 : Spectroscopy of northern NLTT stars (Cruz+, 2002)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/145/102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/145/102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/145/102https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/145/102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/145/102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/145/102GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/AJ/145/102/Mdwarfs (Positions and photometry , spectroscopic data , and distances, kinematics, and activity of our survey stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/145/102/Mdwarfs?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/145/102/Mdwarfs?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/AJ/145/102/Mdwarfs?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.1635280618.488850.0055555555555555566/22 30 83 91 93 95 101 103 115 131 139 158 186 250 251 297 304 307 309 329 336 428 438 447 477 487 497 518 541 546 574 589 610 614 624 634 654 674 696 705 706 722 725 729 733 734 791 811 824 826 827 835 838 856 870 889 914 947 972 1026 1044 1048 1058 1079 1082 1085 1096 1098 1109 1116 1122 1159 1160 1173 1177 1191 1212 1224 1241 1253 1260 1265 1286 1315 1319 1395 1404 1409 1443 1477 1487 1505 1509 1530 1550 1551 1568 1576 1582 1591 1646 1672 1676 1718 1723 1749 1762 1771 1786 1788 1791 1792 1822 1825 1828 1834 1845 1847 1856 1875 1896 1902 1911 1921 1926 1938 1953 1974 2049 2058 2086 2091 2116 2138 2144 2169 2194 2259 2298 2328 2330 2356 2420 2421 2494 2505 2515 2531 2536 2545 2586 2594 2597 2602 2604 2660 2667 2668 2681 2686 2691 2737 2747 2753 2764 2783 2793 2905 2911 2913 2942 2953 2956 2958 2962 2981 2997 3004 3015 3031 3043 3050 3088 3094 3118 3148 3157 3163 3179 3196 3239 3244 3245 3252 3266 3271 3275 3280 3283 3291 3313 3335 3345 3348 3374 3378 3410 3413 3414 3461 3488 3496 3515 3545 3553 3591 3596 3623 3626 3658 3679 3682 3715 3751 3758 3762 3766 3768 3774 3783 3791 3795 3809 3816 3822 3824 3837 3863 3865 3866 3867 3908 3910 3934 3937 3944 3999 4015 4033 4045 4050 4051 4099 4103 4104 4144 4157 4158 4250 4254 4297 4299 4301 4311 4327 4366 4404 4421 4444 4452 4468 4510 4518 4520 4540 4546 4559 4593 4595 4651 4672 4689 4690 4693 4708 4769 4775 4801 4808 4834 4846 4887 4932 4936 4947 4960 4964 4978 4982 4995 5000 5009 5041 5061 5078 5104 5145 5199 5207 5241 5258 5304 5318 5333 5337 5343 5387 5407 5408 5420 5439 5442 5463 5468 5474 5488 5501 5514 5520 5533 5534 5544 5558 5590 5592 5640 5651 5659 5676 5677 5730 5733 5767 5819 5822 5849 5853 5854 5875 5987 5998 6000 6015 6057 6066 6069 6077 6088 6097 6099 6137 6151 6153 6169 6170 6184 6277 6281 6285 6305 6320 6325 6340 6346 6352 6354 6374 6379 6384 6401 6419 6445 6464 6521 6552 6568 6607 6623 6637 6653 6662 6672 6674 6676 6698 6703 6726 6736 6752 6836 6857 6876 6879 6883 6902 6913 6924 6925 6934 6966 6967 6970 6974 6977 6980 6984 7003 7046 7059 7103 7104 7126 7132 7181 7186 7223 7235 7255 7262 7303 7342 7355 7359 7391 7426 7428 7463 7471 7512 7527 7537 7552 7605 7611 7623 7625 7635 7664 7665 7679 7696 7725 7736 7765 7772 7775 7810 7818 7831 7836 7837 7854 7876 7881 7908 7920 7921 7928 7937 7940 7950 7954 7968 7980 8000 8022 8023 8032 8040 8050 8055 8097 8100 8103 8123 8154 8163 8167 8169 8170 8208 8211 8240 8246 8249 8286 8324 8343 8352 8355 8379 8394 8440 8441 8510 8523 8536 8542 8562 8591 8592 8627 8650 8667 8683 8704 8705 8723 8725 8733 8739 8750 8752 8773 8805 8843 8857 8861 8888 8902 8909 8915 8939 8940 8942 8951 8985 8996 9060 9072 9117 9168 9178 9188 9227 9249 9257 9266 9294 9304 9311 9314 9346 9359 9383 9384 9387 9399 9416 9419 9429 9432 9436 9482 9529 9552 9560 9578 9585 9597 9629 9655 9669 9681 9687 9696 9736 9742 9745 9746 9747 9750 9752 9773 9775 9797 9821 9839 9854 9873 9880 9885 9969 9977 10004 10027 10037 10040 10058 10066 10074 10138 10146 10149 10156 10169 10197 10225 10237 10247 10253 10262 10270 10274 10278 10303 10307 10347 10389 10427 10433 10448 10457 10464 10465 10467 10476 10488 10497 10544 10548 10550 10551 10586 10592 10669 10683 10694 10695 10714 10721 10771 10795 10818 10849 10856 10881 10884 10891 10901 10902 10905 10912 10915 10961 10962 10966 10978 10983 10999 11029 11047 11072 11079 11118 11129 11137 11170 11177 11178 11255 11271 11276 11280 11294 11349 11374 11384 11385 11403 11419 11447 11456 11482 11499 11509 11529 11554 11558 11636 11655 11671 11697 11716 11717 11779 11784 11787 11796 11824 11862 11869 11875 11887 11897 11910 11919 11943 11955 11960 11962 11967 11974 12044 12077 12090 12110 12121 12127 12128 12167 12175 12184 12187 12191 12202 12208 12237 12243 12253 12281 12312 12330 12340 12359 12365 12385 12403 12417 12419 12440 12448 12454 12494 12498 12550 12558 12614 12615 12616 12620 12621 12652 12679 12705 12728 12732 12736 12752 12777 12791 12795 12814 12849 12864 12865 12889 12890 12915 12956 12970 12976 12984 12997 12999 13065 13085 13096 13155 13157 13158 13165 13175 13182 13192 13216 13237 13260 13262 13270 13308 13390 13417 13427 13439 13447 13450 13451 13455 13496 13512 13525 13541 13549 13556 13559 13567 13598 13622 13656 13669 13670 13688 13693 13700 13729 13743 13788 13791 13793 13860 13874 13875 13883 13885 13887 13900 13903 13912 13926 13929 13931 13947 13960 14019 14035 14043 14061 14170 14192 14200 14234 14252 14255 14277 14287 14296 14297 14306 14314 14334 14344 14375 14395 14398 14410 14454 14456 14457 14458 14461 14466 14481 14487 14498 14515 14517 14520 14548 14549 14570 14580 14583 14589 14596 14606 14607 14648 14684 14709 14723 14756 14760 14772 14781 14785 14842 14850 14918 14924 14935 14979 14982 14985 14994 14998 15013 15031 15047 15052 15061 15087 15097 15181 15211 15227 15228 15252 15253 15262 15263 15311 15316 15324 15327 15346 15351 15355 15367 15391 15408 15412 15431 15442 15473 15530 15534 15537 15552 15596 15598 15602 15610 15624 15635 15638 15683 15686 15719 15727 15730 15748 15763 15766 15769 15792 15799 15832 15842 15864 15903 15924 15945 15952 15960 15962 15969 15990 16006 16021 16037 16041 16052 16075 16086 16106 16127 16130 16137 16143 16146 16161 16162 16173 16183 16197 16201 16220 16249 16285 16301 16305 16381 17756 17838 17846 17870 17890 17897 17901 17916 18141 18161 18164 18195 18218 18220 18270 18325 18354 18358 18361 18364 18376 18379 18789 18796 18802 18843 18872 18913 18929 18936 18942 19064 19068 19131 19133 19144 19145 19163 19165 19185 19187 19203 19224 19225 19243 19265 19296 19306 19341 19352 19361 19431 19455 19464 19466 19482 19484 19516 19536 19601 19606 19612 19619 19658 19663 19668 19701 19711 19724 19761 19776 19815 19817 19822 19852 19879 19886 19887 19888 19890 19911 19916 19924 19931 19948 19958 19984 19995 19997 19998 20000 20023 20059 20071 20074 20100 20103 20109 20127 20128 20131 20149 20157 20238 20240 20311 20324 20346 20370 20404 20424 20459 20472 20473 21953 21969 21975 21979 22014 22119 22185 22222 22237 22250 22256 22272 22273 22277 22289 22300 22309 22323 22325 22349 22357 22412 22414 22461 22491 22510 22518 22869 22904 22942 22954 22959 22964 22968 22982 22992 22996 23010 23014 23018 23135 23238 23316 23363 23365 23368 23381 23383 23398 23399 23400 23402 23413 23453 23455 23458 23463 23487 23490 23505 23518 23526 23544 23548 23557 23564 23590 23640 23660 23718 23719 23730 23731 23735 23741 23743 23752 23757 23765 23787 23793 23824 23857 23867 23892 23910 23939 23997 24021 24040 24062 24075 24087 24093 24103 24114 24174 24192 24201 24209 24213 24218 24223 24227 24235 24237 24239 24240 24254 24297 24314 24350 24356 24359 24362 24370 24391 24413 24444 24504 24519 24549 24561 24574 25942 25962 26041 26043 26076 26207 26279 26288 26327 26394 26401 26404 26477 26487 26492 26495 26525 26538 26555 26560 26561 26563 26568 26587 26588 26614 26967 26972 27000 27004 27029 27055 27056 27067 27077 27091 27228 27260 27289 27290 27308 27320 27392 27405 27419 27442 27453 27459 27484 27514 27519 27580 27592 27602 27611 27671 27676 27681 27683 27692 27706 27730 27731 27734 27762 27772 27799 27810 27820 27822 27849 27883 27912 27951 27956 27974 27995 28018 28042 28103 28144 28188 28195 28199 28204 28207 28244 28266 28279 28283 28314 28341 28343 28389 28426 28438 28439 28480 28492 28494 28530 28548 28584 28646 30078 30105 30108 30132 30151 30156 30187 30189 30200 30299 30316 30321 30327 30334 30383 30387 30392 30396 30405 30407 30414 30429 30438 30451 30455 30456 30464 30465 30469 30486 30505 30506 30515 30522 30525 30560 30592 30624 30625 30626 30638 30670 30707 30713 31068 31082 31096 31191 31195 31214 31217 31229 31339 31351 31415 31423 31495 31535 31594 31602 31606 31613 31630 31633 31642 31686 31687 31730 31738 31740 31746 31772 31778 31781 31787 31793 31803 31811 31813 31839 31860 31884 31901 31947 31956 31958 31986 31994 31997 32011 32015 32018 32033 32052 32068 32071 32076 32079 32084 32089 32090 32093 32095 32114 32115 32162 32164 32213 32217 32229 32230 32234 32240 32259 32261 32280 32296 32314 32319 32329 32335 32392 32414 32419 32447 32458 32473 32488 32491 32493 32499 32500 32507 32517 32541 32544 32553 32561 32588 32589 32599 32602 32623 32645 32652 32700 32730 327438.650015785639275e-20 1.4134638842407062e-18https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/AJ/145/102?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/AJ/145/102/MdwarfsPositions and photometry , spectroscopic data , and distances, kinematics, and activity of our survey starsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintPMSource name (IHHMMm+DDMMWW) (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharCNS3Name in Third Catalog of Nearby Stars (CNS3; Gliese & Jahreiss, 1991, cat. V/70) (1)meta.idcharRAJ2000Right Ascension in decimal degrees (ICRS)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination in decimal degrees (ICRS)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion in Right Ascensionarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in Declinationarcsec/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatXray? ROSAT Xray count rate (2)ct/sphot.count;em.X-rayfloatnullableHR1? ROSAT HR1 hardness ratio (2)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableFUV? GALEX/Far-UV magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.UV.100-200nmfloatnullableNUV? GALEX/Near-UV magnitude (3)magphot.mag;em.UVfloatnullableVmagEstimated visual magnitude (G1)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatn_Vmag[PT] Origin of Vmag (Photographic or Tycho) (4)meta.notecharJmag2MASS J magnitude (from cat. II/246)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatHmag2MASS H magnitude (from cat. II/246)magphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatKmag2MASS Ks magnitude (from cat. II/246)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatObsObservatory where observed (MDM or UH22=University of Hawaii 2.2m Telescope)meta.id;instr.obstycharDateEpoch of observation (JD-2450000)dtime.epochfloatCaH2? CaH2 spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullableCaH3? CaH3 spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullableTiO5? TiO5 spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullableVO1? VO1 spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullableTiO6? TiO6 spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullableVO2? VO2 spectral index (5)spect.indexfloatnullableMst? Numerical spectral subtype M (6)src.spTypefloatnullableSpTAdopted MK spectral subtypesrc.spTypecharzeta? {zeta} metallicity index (7)spect.indexfloatnullablelogg? Gravity from PHOENIX model fitslog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullableTeff? Effective temperature from PHOENIX model fitsKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullableP[P] Previously observed in the PMSU (Palomar-MSU spectroscopic survey; Reid et al. 1995 and Hawley et al. 1996, cat. III/198)meta.codecharM[M] Previously observed and classified as part of the Meet the Cool Neighbors (MCN) spectroscopic program (8)meta.codecharplx1? Trigonometric parallaxarcsecpos.parallax.trigfloatnullablee_plx1? Uncertainty in plx1arcsecstat.errorfloatnullableplx2? Spectroscopic parallaxarcsecpos.parallax.spectfloatnullablee_plx2? Uncertainty in plx2arcsecstat.errorfloatnullableplx3? Photometric parallaxarcsecpos.parallax.photfloatnullablee_plx3? Uncertainty in plx3arcsecstat.errorfloatnullableUvel? U component of velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullableVvel? V component of velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatnullableWvel? W component of velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloatnullableEWHa? H{alpha} equivalent width index; in {AA}0.1nmspect.line.eqWidth;em.line.HalphafloatnullableH[Y] H{alpha} activity indicator (Y=Yes) (9)meta.codecharX[Y] X-ray activity indicator (Y=Yes) (9)meta.codecharU[Y] UV activity indicator (Y=Yes) (9)meta.codecharLSPMSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlintnullable2MDisplay the 2MASS data (Cutri et al. 2003, Cat. II/246)meta.ref.urlchar