J/AJ/116/2081ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/AJ/116/2081doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.51162081CDSWang Y.Bahcall N.Turner E.L.2023-04-06T16:50:30Z1999-04-07T14:40:22ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesphotometryredshiftedinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWide-band photometryWe derive simple empirical color-redshift relations for z<~4 galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field (HDF) using a linear function of three photometric colors (U-B, B-V, V-I). The dispersion between the estimated redshifts and the spectroscopically observed ones is small for relations derived in several separate color regimes; the dispersions range from {sigma}_z_~=0.03 to 0.1 for z<~2 galaxies, and from {sigma}_z_~=0.14 to 0.25 for z>~2 galaxies. We apply the color-redshift relations to the HDF photometric catalog and obtain estimated redshifts that are consistent with those derived from spectral template fitting methods. The advantage of these color-redshift relations is that they are simple and easy to use and do not depend on the assumption of any particular spectral templates; they provide model independent redshift estimates for z<~4 galaxies using only multiband photometry, and they apply to about 90% of all galaxies. We provide a color-based estimated redshift catalog of HDF galaxies to z<~4. We use the estimated redshifts to investigate the redshift distribution of galaxies in the HDF; we find peaks in the redshift distribution that suggest large-scale clustering of galaxies to at least z~1 and that are consistent with those identified in spectroscopic probes of the HDF.1998AJ....116.2081Whttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/AJ/116/2081CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+AS/129/583 : Hubble Deep Field surface photometry (Fasano+ 1998)J/AJ/112/1335 : Hubble Deep Field observations (Williams+ 1996)J/AJ/112/359 : Galaxies in the Hubble Deep Field (van den Bergh+ 1996)J/ApJ/471/L5 : Redshift clustering in the Hubble Deep Field (Cohen+ 1996)Table 1: galaxies not used in determining the z_a_ relationsSawicki: From Sawicki et al. (1997AJ....113....1S)catalog,x, y: pixel position on v.2 HDF imagesz: spectroscopic redshiftza: color-based redshiftztemp: redshift from spectral template-fittinghttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/116/2081https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/116/2081http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/AJ/116/2081https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/116/2081https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/116/2081http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/AJ/116/2081GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapHSTOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/AJ/116/2081/table2Catalog of color-based redshift estimatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSawickiIdentification number in Sawicki et al. (1997AJ....113....1S) photometric catalog (1)meta.id;meta.mainintxposx position on v2 HDF imagepixpos.cartesian.x;instr.detfloatyposy position on v2 HDF imagepixpos.cartesian.y;instr.detfloatm814m814 (I) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatm606m606 (V) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatm450m450 (B) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatm300m300 (U) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.opt.UfloatztempPhotometric redshift from fitting spectral templates by Sawicki et al. (1997AJ....113....1S)src.redshiftfloatzaColor-based analytic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatNote[*] Note (2)meta.notecharcrColor rangephot.colorintz? Spectroscopic redshiftsrc.redshiftfloatnullableu_z[?] Uncertainty flag on z (3)meta.code.errorchar