J/A+AS/129/363ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+AS/129/363CDSJorissen A.Knapp G.R.2017-06-27T06:38:46Z2010-11-09T11:16:14ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frs-starsstellar-mass-lossastrophysical-masersradio-astronomyinfrared-photometryIt is the purpose of this paper to rediscuss the circumstellar properties of S stars and to put these properties in perspective with our current understanding of the evolutionary status of S stars, in particular the intrinsic/extrinsic dichotomy. This dichotomy states that only Tc-rich ("intrinsic") S stars are genuine thermally-pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars, possibly involved in the M-S-C evolutionary sequence. Tc-poor S stars are referred to as "extrinsic" S stars, because they are the cooler analogs of barium stars, and like them, owe their chemical peculiarities to mass transfer across their binary system. Accordingly, an extensive data set probing the circumstellar environment of S stars (IRAS flux densities, maser emission, CO rotational lines) has been collected and critically evaluated. This data set combines new observations (9 stars have been observed in the CO J=2-1 line and 3 in the CO J=3-2 line, with four new detections) with existing material (all CO and maser observations of S stars published in the literature). The IRAS flux densities of S stars have been re-evaluated by co-adding the individual scans, in order to better handle the intrinsic variability of these stars in the IRAS bands, and possible contamination by Galactic cirrus.1998A&AS..129..363Jhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+AS/129/363CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/125 : IRAS catalogue of Point Sources, Version 2.0 (IPAC 1986)III/168 : General Catalog of S Stars, second edition (Stephenson 1984)III/156 : Cool Galactic Carbon Stars, 2nd Edition (Stephenson 1989)III/197 : IRAS Low Resolution Spectra (IRAS team, 1987)VII/73 : IRAS Small Scale Structure Catalog, Ver 1.00 (Helou+ 1985)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+AS/129/363https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+AS/129/363http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+AS/129/363https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+AS/129/363https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+AS/129/363http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+AS/129/363GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+AS/129/363/table1 (IRAS co-added flux densities for S stars, grouped according to their location in the (k-[12],[25]-[60]) diagram.)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+AS/129/363/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+AS/129/363/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+AS/129/363/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true18.520446428.5295750.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+AS/129/363/table4 (S stars observed in CO at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+AS/129/363/table4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+AS/129/363/table4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+AS/129/363/table4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true63.85032624.0784840.0055555555555555566/1064 1820 2194 2335 2500 2566 2578 2694 2773 2787 2795 2888 3012 3153 3432 3462 3733 3801 4972 6919 7105 7881 9589 9968 11227 11597 13030 13500 13711 14175 14312 14349 14457 14468 14636 15170 15740 16274 16783 17178 19284 20102 20797 21317 21422 21542 21545 21580 21601 22110 22173 22204 22407 22483 22809 23423 23789 23846 23932 24108 24146 24497 28846 29012 29045 29351 29500 29767 29832 29877 30062 30283 30564 30649 37095 37249 37287 37357 37484 37722 37813 38047 38393 38429 38679 39295 39303 39358 40384 40450 40562 40960 41086 41343 41422 41494 41690 41704 41763 42176 42208 42467 42667 42850 42952 43076 43100 43150 43258 43673 45694 46037 46318 47414 478461.6558465556080236e-21 1.0188844282367877e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+AS/129/363?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/A+AS/129/363/table1IRAS co-added flux densities for S stars, grouped according to their location in the (k-[12],[25]-[60]) diagram.CSS? CSS (Cat. III/168) numbermeta.idintnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintReg[ABCDE] Region of the HR diagram (1)obs.fieldcharn_CSS[C] C: following CSS number is the star number from the General Catalogue of Carbon Stars (Stephenson, 1989, Cat. III/156)meta.notecharIRASIRAS designationmeta.id;meta.maincharprimaryF2.2? Flux density at 2.2{mu}mJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullabler_F2.2[1/9]? Reference for F2.2 (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullableF12? IRAS Flux density at 12{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablen_F12[e] Note on F12 (3)meta.notecharF25? IRAS Flux density at 25{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableF60? IRAS Flux density at 60{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullablen_F60[abcdf +] Note on F60 (3)meta.notecharF100? IRAS Flux density at 100{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umfloatnullablen_F100[b+] Note on F100 (3)meta.notecharTc[yes/no ] Presence of Tcmeta.codecharLRS? IRAS low-resolution spectrum classification (Olnon et al., 1986, Cat. III/197)meta.code.class;src.classintnullableVCVolk & Cohen (1989AJ.....98..931V) classificationmeta.code.classcharSpTCSS (Cat. III/168) optical spectral typesrc.spTypecharVarVariability typemeta.notecharPer? Perioddtime.periodintnullableVamp? Range of variation of the magnitudemagarith.rate;instr.bandwidthfloatnullableNamesOther names and maser type (SiO or OH)meta.notecharJD? Julian date (when several observations)dtime.epochintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+AS/129/363/table2S stars whose circumstellar envelopes are resolved at 60{mu}m, listed according to the region to which they belong in the (K-[12], [25]-[60]) diagram (see Fig. 3).recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintReg[BCDE] Region of the HR diagram (G1)obs.fieldcharIRASIRAS designationmeta.id;meta.maincharNameOther namemeta.idcharVarVariability typemeta.notecharF60? Flux density at 60{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloatnullableFz/Fp? zero-crossing to peak flux densities ratiophot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableW25? Full width at the 25% levelarcminspect.line.widthfloatnullableW50? Full width at the 50% levelarcminspect.line.widthfloatnullableQF? Observed flux density excess quality factor (QF>5 for a detection at 5{sigma} level)meta.code.qualfloatnullablel_dM/dtLimit flag on dM/dtmeta.code.errorchardM/dt? Mass loss ratesolMass/yrphys.mass.lossfloatnullableVe? Wind velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullableRemRemark (2)meta.notecharNoteNotes (3)meta.notecharJD? Julian date (when several observations)dtime.epochintnullableJ/A+AS/129/363/table3Masers in S starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintReg[ABCDE] Region of the HR diagram (G1)obs.fieldcharNameOther namemeta.id;meta.maincharIRASIRAS designationmeta.id;meta.maincharSiO[YN] Presence of SiO masermeta.codecharH2O[YN] Presence of H_2_O masermeta.codecharOH[YN] Presence of OH masermeta.codecharu_OH[?] Uncertainty flag on OHmeta.code.errorcharRefReferences in ref3.dat filemeta.ref;meta.filecharJ/A+AS/129/363/ref3References for table3.datComCommentmeta.notecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefRef numbermeta.idcharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor namesmeta.bib.authorcharMaserMaser studied in the referencemeta.notecharJ/A+AS/129/363/table4S stars observed in CO at the Caltech Submillimeter ObservatoryVarVariability type from the GCVSmeta.note;src.varcharPer? Period from the GCVSdtime.periodintnullableu_PerUncertainty flag on Permeta.code.errorcharVel1? Optical velocity range (lower value)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc.opt;em.optintnullableVel2? Optical velocity range (upper value)km/sspect.dopplerVeloc.opt;em.optintnullabler_Vel1References for optical velocity range (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintCSSCSS (Cat. III/168) number (1)meta.idintNameOther namemeta.id;meta.maincharRA1950Right ascension (1950)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE1950Declination (1950)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatSpTSpectral type from GCGSSsrc.spTypecharrmsChannel-to-channel rms noise in the 500MHz AOSmKstat.stdev;instr.det.noiseintIRASIRAS name (column added at CDS)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+AS/129/363/table6A compilation of CO data for S stars and mass loss rates fitting these datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintReg[ABCDE] Region of the HR diagram (G1)obs.fieldcharn_IRASNote (2)meta.notecharIRASIRAS designationmeta.id;meta.maincharNameOther namemeta.idcharLineLine observedmeta.id;spect.linecharHPBWTelescope half power beamwidtharcsecpos.angResolutionintrms? Channel-to-channel rms noiseKstat.stdev;instr.det.noisefloatnullableICO? Integrated CO line brightnessK.km/sphot.fluxfloatnullableTMB? Peak brightness temperatureKphys.temperature;stat.maxfloatnullableVc? Central velocity with respect to the LSRkm/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatnullableVe? Wind outflow speedkm/sphys.velocfloatnullableRefReference for velocity (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharDist? Distance adopted for the model (4)pcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricintnullableVeM? Model central velocity (4)km/sphys.veloc;meta.modelledfloatnullableu_VeM[)] Uncertainty flag on VeMmeta.code.errorcharl_dM/dTLimit flag on dM/dTmeta.code.errorchardM/dT? Model mass loss rate (4)solMass/yrphys.mass.loss;meta.modelledfloatnullableRad? Model radius in cm (4)cmphys.size.radius;meta.modelleddoublenullableRad2? Model radius in arcsec (4)arcsecphys.angSize;meta.modelledfloatnullableHPBWM? Model telescope half power beamwidth (4)arcsecinstr.tel;meta.modelledintnullableTMBM? Model peak brightness temperature (4)Kphys.temperature;meta.modelled;stat.maxfloatnullableICOM? Model integrated line brightness (4)K.km/sphot.fluxfloatnullableJ/A+AS/129/363/tablea1IRAS flux densities for {chi} CygrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJDJulian datedtime.epochdoublephiPhasetime.phasefloatF12Flux density at 12{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatoffsetOffset between the scan center and the stellar positionarcminpos;arith.difffloatDetDetector number for the 12{mu}mmeta.id;instrintF25Flux density at 25{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatF60Flux density at 60{mu}mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umfloat[12]-[25]Colour index [12]-[25]magphot.color;em.IR.8-15um;em.IR.15-30umfloat[25]-[60]Colour index [25]-[60]magphot.color;em.IR.15-30um;em.IR.30-60umfloat