J/A+A/711/A236ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/711/A236CDSTramper F.Sana H.de Koter A.Pauwels T.2026-07-17T09:26:34Z2026-07-17T10:09:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fro-starsastrometryinterferometryspectroscopic-binary-starsmultiple-starsinfrared-astronomyspectrophotometrystellar-distanceabsolute-magnitudestellar-spectral-typesstellar-massesphotometryclassificationA key property of massive stars is their high degree of multiplicity, which can impact their evolution and end-of-life products. The Southern Massive Stars at High Angular Resolution survey (SMASH+) use interferometric and high-angular resolution techniques to detect companions at intermediate separations, from about 1 milliarcsec to 8 arcsec, a domain that so far has remained largely unexplored. In this paper, we convert the angular separations and magnitude contrasts into physical units, i.e. projected physical separations and mass ratios. We also derive the sensitivity of the survey for various physical and orbital parameters and we investigate the orbital separation and mass distributions. We develop a spectral type/luminosity class - H-band luminosity - mass calibration based on existing grids of physical parameters of O stars and we use these to obtain the photometric distance to each system. We also derive the individual masses of the primaries and of each detected companion. The probability of detecting companions is very uniform within the sensitivity limits of the smash+ survey, which can be considered near-complete for binaries with 1<log(a/AU)<4 and q=M2/M1>0.2. The projected separations follow a uniform distribution in log-separation. The mass ratios follow a power-law distribution f_q_{prop.to}q^{kappa}^ with {kappa} values that decrease towards larger separation. For resolved companions within 100 AU, we find {kappa}_<100_=-0.6^+0.9^_0.7_ which is both compatible with the power-law distributions derived for spectroscopic binaries ({kappa}~0) and with what was proposed in an earlier study ({kappa}=-1.4+/-0.4) based on about half the SMASH+ sample in the same range. Beyond ~1000AU, we observe a clear lack of (near-)equal-mass companions, with an upper mass-ratio limit declining toward larger separations.2026A&A...711A.236Thttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/711/A236CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/698/A41 : BLOeM. Early B dwarfs and giants at Z=0.2J/A+A/658/A198 : CHIPS II. O stars in Trumpler 14 CHIPS-Tr14J/A+A/658/A69 : RVs of B stars in NGC 6231 (Banyard+, 2022)J/A+A/580/A93 : VLTS. B stars multiplicity (Dunstall+, 2015)J/A+A/537/A146 : Stellar models with rotation. 0.8<M<120, Z=0.014J/A+A/530/A115 : Rotating massive MS stars evolutionary modelsJ/A+A/457/637 : UBVJHK synthetic photometry of Galactic O starsJ/A+A/438/1163 : Catalogue of Open Cluster Data (COCD) (Kharchenko+, 2005)J/MNRAS/477/2068 : RV survey of the Carina Nebula's O stars (Kiminki+, 2018)J/MNRAS/433/1300 : HD 165052 radial-velocity measurements (Ferrero+, 2013)J/MNRAS/416/817 : RV catalog of O-type stars in IC 2944 and Cen OB2J/MNRAS/400/518 : Velocity and proper motion of OB associationsJ/ApJS/215/15 : SMaSH+: observations and companion detection (Sana+,2014)J/ApJS/213/34 : Velocities of Cygnus OB2 massive binariesJ/AJ/137/3358 : Speckle interferometry of massive stars (Mason+, 2009)J/other/Sci/337.444 : RV curves of Galactic massive O stars (Sana+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/711/A236https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/711/A236http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/711/A236https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/711/A236https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/711/A236http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/711/A236GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/711/A236/tablef1 (Derived stellar parameters and physical separations of all primaries and companions in the SMASH+ Survey)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/711/A236/tablef1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/711/A236/tablef1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/711/A236/tablef1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true107.334370833-10.34656666670.0055555555555555566/21647 22088 22211 22216 22249 22253 23637 28687 28809 28833 28890-28891 28900 28913 28915-28916 29089 29095 29115 29158 29190 29463 29513 29515 37333 37861 37863 37896-37897 37900-37901 37926 37931 38016 38018 39238 39252 39254 39281 39907 41595 41598-41599 41630 41653 41671 41673 41698 41747 41750 42203 42206 42213-42214 42226 42236 42303 42377 42383 42394 42398 42407-42408 42416-42417 42421 42438 42456 42458 42462 42470-42471 42483https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/711/A236?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/711/A236/tablef1Derived stellar parameters and physical separations of all primaries and companions in the SMASH+ SurveyrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDprimPrimary star ID (IDPrim)meta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDisplay the Gaia DR2 and DR3 used in this studymeta.ref.urlcharSMASH+Display the PIO smash+ observations from Sana et al. 2014ApJS..215...15S, Cat. J/ApJS/215/15meta.ref.urlcharRAJ2000Right Ascencion (J2000) (RAdeg)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEdeg)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral type of the primary/SB (SpType)src.spTypecharHprimMagAbsolute H magnitude primary (HMagPrim)magphys.magAbs;em.IR.HfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablee_HprimMagError on HMagPrim (e_HMagPrim)magstat.error;phot.magfloatq_HprimMagQuality flag on HMagPrim (n_HMagPrim) (1)meta.code.qualcharDDistance (Dist)pcpos.distanceinte_DError on Dist (e_Dist)pcstat.errorintlogLprimLuminosity of the primary (log.LPrim/LSun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLprimError on log.LPrim/LSun (e_log.LPrim/LSun)log(solLum)stat.errorfloatMprimMass of the primary (MassPrim)solMassphys.massfloate_MprimError on MassPrim (e_MassPrim)solMassstat.errorfloatIDcompID of the companion (IDComp)meta.idcharLCcompAssigned luminosity class of the companion (LCComp)src.class.luminositycharHcompMagAbsolute H magnitude companion (HMagComp)magphys.magAbs;em.IR.Hfloate_HcompMag? Error on HMagComp (e_HMagComp)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableSepProjected separation (Sep)AUpos.angDistanceinte_SepError on Sep (e_Sep)AUstat.errorintlogLcompLuminosity of the companion (log.LComp/LSun)log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloate_logLcomp? Error on log.LComp/LSun (e_log.LComp/LSun)log(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullableMcompMass of the companion (MassComp)solMassphys.massfloate_Mcomp[]? Error on MassComp (e_MassComp)solMassstat.errorfloatnullableqMass ratio (q)phys.massfloate_q? Error on mass ratio (e_q)stat.errorfloatnullablePantaleoni21Display the Alma catalogue of OB stars II of 2021MNRAS.504.2968P, Cat. J/MNRAS/504/2968meta.ref.urlintnullable