J/A+A/709/A269ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/709/A269CDSGarufi A.Ginski C.Benisty M.Vioque M.Winter A.Huang J.,Manara C.F.Dominik C.2026-05-22T09:12:19Z2026-05-22T10:11:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpre-main-sequence-starsinfrared-sourcesThe evolution of planet-forming disks and the processes of planet formation influence each other, and both of them are possibly impacted by the local environment. Extensive high-resolution imagery of disks across space and time is the best tool for determining their evolution. We compiled a comprehensive list of disk-bearing young stars with near-IR high-contrast images available. The sample sums up to 268 sources, including 51 targets with no prior publications, which makes this study the largest of its kind and the most extensive release of IR disk images to date. Our census reveals very diverse disk and ambient morphologies. Disks in Lupus are bright, in Chamaeleon are faint, in Corona Australis and Taurus are frequently surrounded by ambient emission. Disks experience an abrupt increase in IR brightness between 2Myr and 5Myr. The earliest IR disk cavities around single stars arise after 2-3Myr explaining why are young disks faint in the near-IR, and determining which disks can live longer. Well-known, high-longevity disks (>8Myr) are always bright. Ambient material is detected in more than 20% of young sources but the fraction drops with time. We find a clear correspondence for the presence of ambient material with the stellar variability, near-IR excess, and mass accretion rate as well as, in turn, with spirals and shadows in disks. Half of the disks with ambient material show spirals while none of them show rings. We therefore propose that the spirals and the disk warps responsible for shadows are generally induced by late infall from the medium, and that this also affects the stellar accretion. The emerging picture proves the fundamental role of the environment for the disk evolution and planet formation.2026A&A...709A.269Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/709/A269CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/709/A269https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/709/A269http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/709/A269https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/709/A269https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/709/A269http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/709/A269GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/709/A269/list (List of fits datacubes)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/709/A269/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/709/A269/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/709/A269/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true203.60255-65.296470.0055555555555555566/1109 29192-29194 39365 41126 41134-41135 41601 41664 42586 42611 42707 42714 42977 42988-42989 44301 44310 44365 44378 47739 47742 47828 478451.528037907652962e-22 1.528037907652962e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/709/A269?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/709/A269/sampleDISKO samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[0/267] Identification numbermeta.idintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharONameAlternative source namemeta.idcharRegionRegionmeta.notecharDist? Distancepcpos.distancefloatnullableAVOptical extinctionmagphys.absorptionfloatAgeAgeMyrtime.agefloate_Age? Age lower limitMyrstat.error;time.agefloatnullableE_Age? Age upper limitMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableMassStellar masssolMassphys.massfloate_MassStellar mass lower limitsolMassstat.error;phys.massfloatE_MassStellar mass upper limitsolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatCompCloser companion separationarcsecpos.distancecharVar? Stellar variabilitymagsrc.var.indexfloatnullablelogAcc? Mass accretion ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.rate;phys.massfloatnullableNIR? NIR excess%phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableFIR? FIR excess%phot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullableQuadNIR-FIR quadrantobs.fieldcharFluxmm? Integrated millimeter flux at 1.3mm and 150pcJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatnullableJ/A+A/709/A269/listList of fits datacubesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintNzNumber of slicesmeta.numberintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar