J/A+A/709/A221ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/709/A221CDSMendigutia I.Campbell-White J.Montesinos B.Maldonado J.,Fullana-Garcia L.Mirouh G.M.Meeus G.Vioque M.Sicilia-Aguilar A.,Zapatero-Osorio M.R.Villaver E.Kahar R.2026-05-19T11:24:34Z2026-05-19T12:22:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frvariable-starspre-main-sequence-starschemical-abundancesstellar-massesstellar-distancevisible-astronomyInterior models predict that stellar envelopes change from convective to radiative during the pre-main-sequence (pre-MS) evolution of intermediate-mass stars. Although the amount of surface lithium (Li) is a direct probe of mixing in stellar interiors, analyses focused on this type of source are practically absent. We contribute to our understanding of the evolution of young intermediate-mass stars by providing a comprehensive analysis of their Li content. A sample of 71 intermediate-mass T Tauri (IMTT) and Herbig stars within the mass range 1.5-3.5M_{sun}_ was carefully selected for the analysis. Metallicities, rotational velocities, and accretion rates were obtained from spectra. The curves of growth for stars hotter than 8000K were built to infer the Li abundances, which were interpreted considering standard models of stellar interiors and non-standard processes affecting Li depletion. Li is generally less strongly depleted in intermediate-mass stars than in their lower-mass counterparts, as expected from standard evolution models. However, Li abundances significantly below the cosmic value are observed in 25-30% of intermediate-mass stars. It is also unexpected that the results show no significant difference between the 1.5-2.5M_{sun}_ and 2.5-3.5M_{sun}_ subsamples. Evidence is provided showing that disk-locking works in young intermediate-mass stars. This constitutes independent support for the hypothesis that magnetospheric accretion scenario operates in these sources. We found that disk-locking is effective for a timescale that is about twice shorter than for lower-mass stars, before magnetospheres reduce their sizes during the transition from the IMTT to the Herbig regime. This contraction of the magnetosphere can explain the increase in rotation by a factor of about 3 and in accretion by a factor of about 4 that is observed during this transition. We propose a complex scenario linking rotation, accretion, and the surface Li abundance. Finally, we tentatively suggest that the known relation between the presence of planets and Li depletion might also be present in intermediate-mass MS stars and might originate in the pre-MS. We provide the most complete Li analysis and database focused on IMTT and Herbig stars to date. However, we emphasize the need of additional observations and non-standard models such as those available for their lower-mass analogs.2026A&A...709A.221Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/709/A221CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/709/A221https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/709/A221http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/709/A221https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/709/A221https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/709/A221http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/709/A221GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/709/A221/table1 (properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/709/A221/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/709/A221/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/709/A221/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true19.4312442-52.55855330.0055555555555555566/1031 1113 1115 1169 1539 14344 14372 17421 21418 21421 21430 21433 21436 21438-21439 22805 22828 22848 22861 22882 22886 22895 23551 23637 23727 23736 24277 28762 28921 29358 31259 32065 33111 34926 36956-36957 37186 37676 37916 37978 39228 39260 39365 42611 42644 42931 44049 44317 44356 44362 47828https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/709/A221?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/709/A221/table1propertiesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the starmeta.id;meta.maincharTstarSurface temperature T*Kphys.temperatureintE_TstarSurface temperature T* upper errorKstat.error;stat.maxinte_TstarSurface temperature T* lower errorKstat.errorintloggSurface gravity logglog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloate_loggSurface gravity logg errorlog(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablel_MstarLimit flag om Mstarmeta.code.errorcharMstarStellar mass M*solMassphys.massfloatE_Mstar? Stellar mass M* upper errorsolMassstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Mstar? Stellar mass M* lower errorsolMassstat.errorfloatnullablelogLstarStellar luminosity logL*log(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatE_logLstarStellar luminosity logL* upper errorlog(solLum)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logLstarStellar luminosity logL* lower errorlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatl_tstarLimit flag on tstarmeta.code.errorchartstarStellar age t*Myrtime.agefloatE_tstar? Stellar age upper errorMyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_tstar? Stellar age lower errorMyrstat.errorfloatnullableDist? Distancepcpos.distancefloatnullableE_Dist? Distance upper errorpcstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Dist? Distance lower errorpcstat.errorfloatnullableSEDSED group according with the classification by Meeus et al. (2001A&A...365..476M)meta.code.class;src.class.starGalaxy;pos.lgcharRefReference (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/709/A221/table2ObservationsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNamename of the starmeta.id;meta.maincharInstInstrumentmeta.id;instrcharObs.dateObserving date [year-month-dayThour:min:sec]stime.epochnullableS/NLiSignal to noise ratio at the LiI@6707.9{AA} transitionstat.snrintS/NHaSignal to noise ratio at the H{alpha}@6562.8{AA} transitionstat.snrintDlambdaSpectral dispersion [{AA}/pixel]0.1nm/pixinstr.dispersionfloatJ/A+A/709/A221/table3Additional properties and resultsIncl? Inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationfloatnullablee_Incl? Inclination errordegstat.errorfloatnullabler_Incl? Inclination reference (2)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullablel_ProtLimit flag on Protmeta.code.errorcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the starmeta.id;meta.maincharl_[Fe/H]Limit flag on [Fe/H]meta.code.error;phys.abund.Fechar[Fe/H]? Metallicity (1)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_[Fe/H]? Metallicity errorstat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullablevsiniProjected rotational velocity (1)km/sphys.veloc.rotatinte_vsiniProjected rotational velocity errorkm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatintl_InclLimit flag on Inclmeta.code.errorcharProtRotational perioddtime.periodfloatE_Prot? Rotational period upper errordstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Prot? Rotational period lower errordstat.errorfloatnullableEWHaHalpha equivalent width0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatlogLacc? Accretion luminosity logLacclog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatnullablee_logLacc? Accretion luminosity logLacc errorlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatnullablel_logdMacc/dtLimit flag on logdMacc/dtmeta.code.errorcharlogdMacc/dt? Mass accretion rate logdMacc/dtlog(solMass.yr**-1)arith.rate;phys.massfloatnullablee_logdMacc/dt? Mass accretion rate logdMaccdt errorlog(solMass.yr**-1)stat.errorfloatnullablel_EWLiLimit flag on EWLimeta.code.errorcharEWLiLithium equivalent widthnmspect.line.eqWidthfloatE_EWLi? Lithium equivalent width upper errornmstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_EWLi? Lithium equivalent width lower errornmstat.errorfloatnullablel_A(Li)Limit flag on A(Li)meta.code.errorcharA(Li)Lithium abundancephys.abundfloatE_A(Li)? Lithium abundance upper errorstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_A(Li)? Lithium abundance lower errorstat.errorfloatnullableDelta? Deviation from local thermodynamical equilibriumstat.stdevfloatnullableJ/A+A/709/A221/table4*Curves of growth for hot starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTstarSurface temperatureKphys.temperatureintloggSurface gravity logglog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloat[M/H]Metallicityphys.abund.ZfloatA(Li)Lithium abundancephys.abundfloatEWLiLithium equivalent widthnmspect.line.eqWidthdouble