J/A+A/708/A56ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A56CDSYe X.-H.Baldi R.D.Yang W.-X.Zhu J.-T.Bastieri D.Bachev R.S.,Strigachev A.A.Fan J.-H.2026-03-26T07:50:01Z2026-03-26T08:48:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frbl-lacertae-objectsradio-galaxiesaccretionBased on the classical unification, blazars, namely BL Lacertae objects (BL Lacs) and flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs), are believed to correspond with radio galaxies when observed at small jet viewing angles. In this paper, we aim to compile a sample of Fermi blazars [redshift, z{in}(0.002-4.313)] and radio galaxies [z{in}(0.001-1.048)] to provide new insights towards a unified accretion and ejection scenario between aligned and misaligned radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs), by considering their optical emission-line classifications (low- and high-excitation radio galaxies, LERGs, HERGs), which are more representative of their accretion states. We adopted statistical analyses of accretion properties and high-energy beaming patterns for both Fermi blazars and radio galaxies to investigate a unified accretion-ejection scenario. In the gamma-ray luminosity-photon index plane, HERGs populate the region of higher luminosities and softer photon indices, akin to FSRQs, whereas LERGs occupy lower luminosities with harder photon indices, analogous to BL Lacs. This parallel segregation indicates that LERGs and HERGs represent the misaligned counterparts of BL Lacs and FSRQs, respectively. The unified picture is further supported by the Compton dominance-photon index diagram, where FSRQs and HERGs dominated by external Compton (EC) emissions are distinctly separated from BL Lacs and LERGs governed by synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) emissions. Similarly, the diagram of accretion rate versus gamma-ray photon index reveals two distinct accretion-ejection states: a low-accretion-rate branch (BL Lacs and LERGs) associated with the SSC model, and a high-accretion-rate branch (FSRQs and HERGs) linked to the EC model. These results strongly support a unified accretion and ejection paradigm between blazars and radio galaxies into two distinct states.2026A&A...708A..56Yhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A56CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIX/67 : Incremental Fermi LAT 4th cat. (4FGL-DR3)J/ApJS/253/46 : Optical spectroscopy of Fermi blazars (Paliya+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A56https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A56GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/708/A56/table1 (Physical parameters of Fermi blazars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A56/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A56/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A56/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.805822.13020.0055555555555555566/14 29 39 49 60 100 110 172 180 250 342 376 398 438 514 532 579 597 611 615 700 716-717 731 747 808 893 897 911 968 988 991 1018 1085 1154 1208 1509 1546 1584 1593 1617 1767 1782 2094 2140 2143 2228 2234 2273 2310 2331 2340 2400 2404 2414 2439 2448 2549 2574 2605 2610 2616 2621 2636 2647 2650 2661 2667 2741 2750 2792 2822 2836 2844 2867 3017 3024 3128 3366 3402 3431 3569 3675 3712 3784 3820 3882 3886 3945 4048 4050 4054 4088 4096 4098 4134 4160 4190 4200 4255 4260-4261 4317 4352-4353 4407 4472 4475 4497 4543 4550 4572 4587 4606 4642 4672 4695 4750 4770 4798 4801 4805 4820 4824-4825 4855 4861 4863 4865-4866 4880 4882 4923 4925 4940 4964 4974 4977 4992 5009 5049 5072 5091 5098 5125 5139 5154 5156 5162 5191 5201 5212 5250 5268 5270 5279 5284 5306 5311 5314 5352-5353 5361 5371 5390 5404-5405 5412 5423 5432 5448 5455 5458 5460 5462 5469 5483 5491 5516 5521-5523 5536 5546 5589 5597 5616 5657 5687 5693 5723 5728 5771 5775-5776 5792 5795 5803 5817 5836 5838 5842 5844 5848 5870 5872 5878 5891 5918 5939 5986 5999 6015 6018 6021 6025 6039 6062 6067 6088 6096 6101 6104 6109-6110 6124 6164 6167 6204 6212 6219 6231 6255 6268 6292 6348 6362 6368 6386 6406 6427 6436 6448 6496 6498 6501 6504 6507 6548 6559 6568 6601 6619 6636 6641 6647 6764 6777 6910 6923 6948 6963 6976 6984 6996 7004 7028 7034 7038 7045 7131 7176 7180-7181 7200 7220 7233 7238 7245 7248 7265 7269 7285 7296 7301 7308 7310 7315 7336 7343 7346 7354 7380 7389 7394 7426 7446 7478 7507 7518 7548 7553 7569-7570 7623 7653 7699 7709 7758 7766 7777 7851 7871 7896 7911 7951 7969 8004 8008 8031 8057 8067 8071 8134 8147 8256 8290 8299 8321 8339 8374 8432 8438-8440 8466 8474 8485 8487 8502 8509-8510 8515 8595 8645 8657 8699 8723 8741 8746 8762 8773 8805 8830 8858 8915 8945 8955 8972 8982 9003 9013 9049 9073 9075 9123 9188 9202 9204 9258 9284 9301-9302 9310 9316 9338 9353 9383 9435 9442 9445 9460 9477 9501 9540 9545 9570 9612 9615 9629 9632-9633 9641 9655 9676 9684 9688 9694 9711 9714 9723 9762 9773 9805 9811 9813 9853 9860 9872 9877 9892-9893 9906 9950 9957 9960 9985 9992 9996 9998 10006 10030 10033 10071 10074 10119 10123 10154 10163 10183 10198 10213 10216 10244 10249-10250 10258 10294 10319 10352 10389 10422 10426-10427 10442 10466 10474 10501 10514 10519 10522 10524 10526 10548 10551 10561 10572 10597 10605 10612 10625 10627 10642 10653 10669 10681 10695 10715 10766 10780 10800-10801 10810 10818 10843 10852 10867 10882 10910 10912 10921 10949 10969 10971 10980 10983 10994 10996 11004 11027 11032 11071 11081 11099-11100 11116 11124 11143 11171 11177 11209 11216 11223 11242 11246 11253 11268 11279 11290 11321 11323 11352 11374 11385 11407 11426 11430 11443-11444 11449 11461 11515 11522-11523 11535-11536 11585-11586 11594 11631 11639-11640 11649 11652 11682 11734 11736 11774 11777-11778 11787 11795 11798 11839 11876 11880 11912 11925 11936 11965 12007 12109 12164 12173 12179 12207 12258 12352 12386 12466 12473 12475 12505 12544 12548 12599 12604 12619 12625 12687 12842 13098 13153 13156 13179 13320 13334 13352-13353 13410 13457 13470 13485 13534 13572 13582 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24084 24123 24260 24333 24387 24571 24580 24608 24734 24737 24744 24785 24797 24828 24845 24861 24902 24906 24941 25028 25061 25068 25082 25106 25131-25132 25166 25196 25203 25209 25255 25302 25332 25389 25409 25501 25503 25519 25542 25549 25582 25630 25649 25673 25689 25734 25750 25760 25818 25820 25829 25835 25841 25849 25857 25864 25910 25990 26001 26016 26032 26036 26073-26074 26083 26131 26134 26178 26203 26242 26248 26274 26276 26292 26301 26303 26305 26308 26322 26340 26360 26363 26406 26433 26442-26443 26470 26513 26539 26543 26549 26569 26571 26595-26596 26626 26642 26787 26833 26858 26873 26882 26898 26901 26931 26964 26983 26986 27036 27053 27056 27060 27063 27165 27206 27217 27289 27310 27322 27329 27380-27381 27404 27413 27423 27433 27436 27442 27468 27472 27500 27509 27523-27524 27579 27603 27631 27672 27689 27716 27722 27815 27846 27852 27857 27926 27945 27955 28042 28066 28083 28092 28101 28115 28117 28138-28139 28167 28199 28222 28225 28228 28243 28268 28290 28318 28338-28339 28342 28352 28370 28384 28388 28401-28402 28432 28446 28454 28463 28479 28492 28496 28498 28517 28546 28561 28606 28618 28628-28629 28662 28664 28673 29016-29018 29072 29336 29570 29675 29714 29772 29823 29952 29974 30015 30035-30036 30039 30160 30195 30203 30446 30842 31079 31190 31318 31334 31391 31430 31451 31454 31485 31559 31566 31599 31656 31663-31664 31666 31679 31698 31757 31844 31875 31894 31915 31930 31986 32261 32288 32311 32314 32345 32442 32454 32546 32607 32614 32621 32660 32691 32723 32738 32808 32831-32832 32841 32989 33008 33128 33140 33164 33174 33195 33237-33238 33254 33285 33370 33382 33419 33430 33467 33549 33560 33570 33575 33583 33611 33670 33679 33684 33774 33806 33819 33825 33827 33833 33862 33865 33880-33881 33898 33964 33968 34012-34013 34038 34046 34086 34095 34099 34123 34163 34171 34209-34210 34214 34250 34317 34334 34375 34428 34443 34461 34514 34517 34534 34572 34617 34623 34637 34675 34699 34721 34747 34759 34767 34771 34870 34911 34922 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41988 42105 42609 42658 42822 42901 42980 43246 43366 43377 43380 43382 43421-43422 43447 43451 43483 43503 43556 43578 43595 43603 43630 43822 43883 43914 43978 43986 44011 44043 44069 44106 44147 44173 44223 44247 44255 44260 44291 44313 44336 44340 44508 44592 44614 44624 44654 44658 44705 44730 44734 44799 44805 44813 44840 44908 45011 45016 45038 45081 45146 45164 45178 45196 45262 45267 45293 45415 45564 45612 45713 45820 45843 45943 46055 46090 46142 46200 46204 46220 46251 46258 46280 46310 46331 46337 46369-46370 46373-46374 46439 46442 46444-46445 46448 46501 46526 46545 46547 46569 46721 46764 46787 46798 46835 46852 46887 46921 46963-46966 47014 47016 47021 47057 47080 47101 47106 47112 47130 47151 47154 47319 47327 47346 47375 47479 47512 47534 47540 47564 47605 47630 47649 47894 47928 47943 47960-47961 48023 48123 48201 48245 48259 48300 48320 48352 48362 48388 48419 48443 48580 48589 48595 48603 48624 48629 48685 48778 48797-48798 48846 48854 48878 48885 48933 48974 48985 48995 49071 49083 49124 49141https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/708/A56?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/708/A56/table1Physical parameters of Fermi blazarsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint4FGL4FGL source name (JHHMM.m+DDMM)meta.id;meta.maincharzRedshiftsrc.redshiftfloatClassClassificationsrc.classcharGammagammagamma-ray photon indexspect.indexfloatlogLgammaLogarithm of gamma-ray luminosity (in erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.gammafloatlogLbol? Logarithm of bolometric luminosity (in erg/s)log(1e-07W)phys.luminosityfloatnullableCD? Compton dominancephot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablelog(Lbol/Lgamma)? Accretion ratephys.mass.lossfloatnullableRef[P21 ] Reference for both the Compton dominance and the accretion rate (1)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main