J/A+A/708/A343ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A343CDSKalari V.M.Vink J.S.Furey C.Salinas R.Udalski A.Pawlak M.2026-05-19T14:14:26Z2026-04-28T11:08:13ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmagellanic-cloudsvariable-starsb-starssupergiant-starsmorgan-keenan-classificationvisible-astronomyLuminous blue variables (LBVs) exhibit unique variability features, characterized by episodic outbursts (>1mag) accompanied by spectroscopic changes (S Dor variables). It is debated if all massive stars undergo an LBV-like phase during their evolution, or instead LBVs are exotic phenomena. We aim to quantify the incidence of LBV-like variability in the blue supergiant (BSgs) population of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the OGLE survey. Here, we extend previous work in the Small Magellanic Cloud to the LMC, where we examine the light curves of 87 B Supergiants (BSgs) (out of 254 known BSgs) spanning timescales of twenty years, and 37 objects across a three year timescale for aperiodic variations resembling known S Dor variables. One blue supergiant, [ST92] 4-13, shows S Dor type photometric variations. New spectra of this object reveals a potential change in spectral type compared to the literature classification. However, based on its spectral characteristics and low luminosity and mass, we do not currently classify it as an LBV. Our study highlights the need to classify bona fide LBVs as stars undergoing both photometric and spectroscopic variations. Based on currently known stellar population of S Dor variables in the LMC, the lifetime of the S Dor phase is at most ~10^3^yrs, in agreement with our duty cycle study based on OGLE data in the SMC. This is orders of magnitude shorter than assumed in literature. Our discovery of LBV-like variability at low luminosities may suggest that S,Dor variations could arise from Eddington limit related physics over a wide range of stellar masses, rather than being linked to a unique evolutionary stage.2026A&A...708A.343Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A343CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/138/1003 : IR photometry of massive LMC stars (Bonanos+, 2009)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A343https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A343http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A343https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A343https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A343http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A343GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/708/A343/table1 (B supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A343/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A343/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A343/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true71.768539444-67.1147461110.0055555555555555565/8263 8269 8273-8276 8278 8280 6/33051 33073 33090-33091 33110 33116 33124 33126-33128 33133https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/708/A343?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/708/A343/table1B supergiants in the Large Magellanic CloudrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharSurveyOGLE/Gaia DR3meta.idcharSurveyIDOGLE ID when the object has OGLE data, or Gaia DR3 identifier when there is Gaia multi-epoch photometrymeta.idcharIDB09Identified in Bonanos et al. (2009AJ....138.1003B. Cat. J/AJ/138/1003)meta.idintSNameSIMBAD Namemeta.idchar