J/A+A/708/A31ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/708/A31CDSRalowski M.Hryniewicz K.Malek K.Pollo A.Risaliti G.2026-04-02T06:28:33Z2026-03-26T08:45:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiquasarsredshiftedvisible-astronomysloan-photometryinfrared-photometryultraviolet-astronomyAlthough the population of quasars evolved significantly in the past, the properties of quasars as physical objects are supposed to remain almost unchanged, which makes quasars promising candidates for cosmological tests. The X-UV luminosity relation in particular is widely used for this purpose. However, the potential of other spectral domains for this purpose remains open. The aim of the analysis we present is to test the parameter space in order to build a well behaving OPT-IR correlation that could serve as a cosmological probe. The main objective is to calibrate the OPT-IR luminosity relation for quasars, focusing on accurate estimations of dusty torus and accretion disk luminosities. We analyzed contaminations related to host galaxies, particularly from polar dust, the interstellar medium, and stellar emission that affect the optical and infrared. We used a sample of nearly 400 quasars with photometrical observations and spectroscopical redshift divided into four redshift bins (0.7-2.4). Full spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting was performed with the CIGALE code, and results were compared with simplified photometric luminosity estimates. The impact of non-active galactic nucleus components and the role of polar dust in the fitting process were assessed. We show that for sources with a disk luminosity above 10^45^[erg/s], the photometric estimates are consistent with SED-based values. While polar dust contributes marginally to luminosity, its presence significantly alters SED fitting, particularly the torus opening angle and cold dust properties. In the optical domain, stellar emission is the dominant contamination. In the infrared, disk emission and cold dust play major roles. We propose two empirical calibrations for the OPT-IR relation. We conclude that the optical band is dominated by the accretion disk component above 10^45^ or 10^46^[erg/s] depending on redshift, while IR luminosity is dominated by the dusty torus emission above 1.6x10^45^ or 2x10^46^[erg/s] depending on the redshift. In this high-luminosity regime, simplified photometric methods yield reliable disk and torus luminosity estimates.2026A&A...708A..31Rhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/708/A31CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toII/314 : UKIDSS-DR8 LAS, GCS and DXS Surveys (Lawrence+, 2012)VII/289 : SDSS quasar catalog, sixteenth data release (DR16Q) (Lyke+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/708/A31https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A31https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A31http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/708/A31GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/708/A31/sample (Data sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A31/sample?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A31/sample?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/708/A31/sample?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true357.0573661163480.94443818704770.0055555555555555565/2612 2692 6/4098 4103 4114 4177 8210 8212 8342 10255 10259 10264 10270 10278 10280-10281 10284-10285 10288 10293-10294 10300-10301 10307 10336 10338-10339 10344 10351 10361-10362 10366 10368 10370 10382 10385-10388 10390-10392 10396 10399 10405 10408-10409 10414 10416-10417 10419-10420 10423 10425-10426 10428-10429 10434-10435 10437-10438 10441-10442 10445-10447 10456 10465-10466 10468-10469 10472 10474 10752-10753 10756 10765 10767 10772 17407 17661 17726-17727 17754 17771 17805-17806 17809 17811-17812 17815 17818-17819 17821-17822 17825 17827-17828 17830-17831 17833-17836 17841-17842 17856 17866 17998 18002-18003 18005-18006 18011-18012 18015 18017-18018 18022-18023 18029 18031 18043-18044 18067 18076-18077 18081 18091 18110 18118 18123 18132 18137 18153 18161-18162 18168 18172 18176 18178 18420 18766-18767 18771 18779-18782 18798 18800 18802 18804 18913 18916 19033 19036 19089 19456-19457 19461-19463 19465-19466 19468-19469 19481 19519 19539 21849 21851-21852 21854 25596 25598 25918 25937 25946 25949 25952-25953 25957 25967-25969 25973-25974 26001 26013 26056-26057 26064 26189 26196 26246 26271 26279 26290 26297 26301-26302 26329 26344 26346 26351 26363 26365 26371 26951 26966 26968 26970 26974 26980 26983 26992 26996 27025 27119 27124 27198 27219 27237 27245 27258 27296 27303 27308 27310-27311 27314 27320-27321 27338 27344 27676 27711 27714 27716 27718-27719 27722 27724 27728-27729 27731 27739 27743 27748 27760-27761 27763 27766 27860 27862-27863 27865 27913 27936-27937 27939 27949 28028 28034 28114 28119 28124-28125 281571.3088508223161842e-20 6.090060298487514e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/708/A31?format=asciiUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/708/A31/sampleData samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintFPACSblue? Herschel PACS blue fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.30-60umdoublenullablee_FPACSblue? Uncertainty on PACS blue fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableLum-cut? Selection flag (3)meta.codeintnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharSDSSThe unique id for each galaxy from the SDSS DR16Q, HHMMSS.ss_DDMMSS.s (1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainzBest spectroscopic redshift (2)src.redshiftdoubleFNUV? GALEX near-UV flux from GR6+/GR7 data release (Martin et al., 2005, Cat. II/335)mJyphot.flux;em.UVdoublenullablee_FNUV? Uncertainty on GALEX near-UV fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFupSDSS u-band fluxmJyphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublee_FupUncertainty on SDSS u-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFgpSDSS g-band fluxmJyphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_FgpUncertainty on SDSS g-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFrpSDSS r-band fluxmJyphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublee_FrpUncertainty on SDSS r-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFipSDSS i-band fluxmJyphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublee_FipUncertainty on SDSS i-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFzpSDSS z-band fluxmJyphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublee_FzpUncertainty on SDSS z-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFWFCAMYUKIDSS Y-band fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublee_FWFCAMYUncertainty on UKIDSS Y-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFJUKIDSS J-band fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Jdoublee_FJ? Uncertainty on UKIDSS J-band fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFHUKIDSS H-band fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.Hdoublee_FHUncertainty on UKIDSS H-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFKUKIDSS K-band fluxmJyphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublee_FKUncertainty on UKIDSS K-band fluxmJystat.errordoubleFWISE1WISE W1 fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublee_FWISE1Uncertainty on WISE W1 fluxmJystat.errordoubleFWISE2WISE W2 fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublee_FWISE2? Uncertainty on WISE W2 fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFWISE3WISE W3 fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublee_FWISE3? Uncertainty on WISE W3 fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFWISE4WISE W4 flux (red-leak corrected)mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublee_FWISE4? Uncertainty on WISE W4 fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFPSWHerschel SPIRE PSW fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublee_FPSWUncertainty on SPIRE PSW fluxmJystat.errordoubleFPMW? Herschel SPIRE PMW fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_FPMW? Uncertainty on SPIRE PMW fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFPLW? Herschel SPIRE PLW fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.400-750GHzdoublenullablee_FPLW? Uncertainty on SPIRE PLW fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFPACSgreen? Herschel PACS green fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.60-100umdoublenullablee_FPACSgreen? Uncertainty on PACS green fluxmJystat.errordoublenullableFPACSred? Herschel PACS red fluxmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.750-1500GHzdoublenullablee_FPACSred? Uncertainty on PACS red fluxmJystat.errordoublenullable