J/A+A/707/A225ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/707/A225CDSKaltenbrunner D.Maitra C.Haberl F.Bodensteiner J.Bogensberger D.,Buckley D.A.H.Cioni M.R.L.Greiner J.Monageng I.Udalski A.,Vasilopoulos G.Willer R.2026-03-17T07:18:58Z2026-03-17T08:17:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frx-ray-binary-starsmagellanic-cloudspulsarsbe-starswhite-dwarf-starsThe Magellanic Clouds, the closest star-forming galaxies to the Milky Way, offer an excellent environment to study high-mass X-ray binaries. While the Small Magellanic Cloud has been thoroughly investigated with over 120 systems identified, the Large Magellanic Cloud has lacked a complete survey due to its large angular size. Most prior studies targeted central or high-star-formation regions. The SRG/eROSITA all-sky surveys now enable a comprehensive coverage of the LMC, particularly due to its close vicinity to the south ecliptic pole. This work aims to improve our understanding of the HMXB population in the LMC by building a flux-limited catalogue. This allows us to compare sample properties with those of HMXB populations in other nearby galaxies. Using detections during the first eROSITA all-sky survey, we cross-matched X-ray positions with optical and infrared catalogues to identify candidate HMXBs. We assigned flags based on multi-wavelength follow-up observations and archival data, using properties of known LMC HMXBs. These flags defined confidence classes for our candidates. We detect sources down to X-ray luminosities of a few 10^34^erg/s, resulting in a catalogue of 53 objects, including 28 confirmed HMXBs and 21 new eROSITA detections. We identify several likely supergiant systems, including a candidate supergiant fast X-ray transient with phase-dependent flares. We find three Be stars with likely white dwarf companions. Two of the Be/WD candidates show steady luminosities across four eROSITA scans, unlike the post-nova states seen in the majority of previous Be/WD reports. Our catalogue is the first to cover the entire LMC since the ROSAT era, providing a basis for statistical population studies. Using the HMXB population, we estimate the LMC star-formation rate to be (0.22^+0.06^_-0.07_)M_{sun}_/yr, which is in agreement with other tracers.2026A&A...707A.225Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/707/A225CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/682/A34 : SRG/eROSITA all-sky survey catalogs (eRASS1) (Merloni+, 2024)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A225https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A225http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A225https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A225https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A225http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A225GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/707/A225/catalog (All (candidate) HMXB systems detected during eRASS1)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A225/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A225/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A225/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true73.3124126758531-69.54433206482510.0055555555555555566/33076-33078 33090-33091 33094-33095 33098-33100 33104-33105 33107-33109 33112-33114 33116 33120-33121 33123 33125 33127 33136 33801 37512 375442.483060040379131e-20 5.517906024225661e-20https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/707/A225?format=asciiX-rayRadiodefaultJ/A+A/707/A225/catalogAll (candidate) HMXB systems detected during eRASS1recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintANamesAlternative names of the X-ray source (alt_XrayNames)meta.idcharSeq[1/53]? ID in this paper (seqno)meta.idintnullableDEGdegDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016 of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (DEC_Gaia)degpos.eq.decDEVdegDeclination (J2000) of VMC counterpart (DEC2000_VMC)degpos.eq.decY-JVMCPoint source colour Y-J (using aperMag3) of VMC counterpart (YMJPNT_VMC)magphot.color;em.opt;em.IRdoubleTypeHMXB type; "?" indicates candidate systems (Type)src.classcharDetUIDDETUID in eRASS1 (Merloniet al., 2024, Cat. J/A+A/682/A34) (DETUID_eRASS1)meta.idcharFeROFitted observed Flux 0.2-2.3keV (see paper) (F_eRO)mW.m**-2phot.flux;em.X-raydoubleE_FeROUpper uncertainty on observed flux (e_F_eRO_upper)mW.m**-2stat.error;stat.maxdoublee_FeROLower uncertainty on observed flux (e_F_eRO_lower)mW.m**-2stat.errordoubleRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) of counterpart in eRASS1 (Merloni et al., 2024, Cat. J/A+A/682/A34/) (RA_eRASS1)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) of counterpart in eRASS1 (Merloni et al., 2024, Cat. J/A+A/682/A34/) (DEC_eRASS1)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainePosCorrected RADEC uncertainty in eRASS1 (Merloni et al., 2024, Cat. J/A+A/682/A34/) (RADEC_ERR_eRASS1)arcsecstat.errordoublePspin? Spin period in seconds (Pspin)sphys.atmol.sWeight.nucleardoublenullabler_PspinReference ID for spin period in refs.dat file (Ref_Pspin)meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb? Orbital period in days (Porb)dtime.perioddoublenullablePorbAlt? Alternative orbital period in days (Porb_alt)dtime.perioddoublenullabler_PorbReference IDs for orbital periods in refs.dat file (Ref_Porb)meta.ref;pos.framecharRA2deg? Right ascension (J2000) of counterpart in 2MASS (RA_2MA)degpos.eq.ranullableDE2deg? Declination (J2000) of counterpart in 2MASS (DEC_2MA)degpos.eq.decnullableentr2MA? Entry number of counterpart in 2MASS (entr_2MA)meta.idintnullableDist2MA? Distance of 2MASS counterpart and Gaia DR3 counterpart (dist_2MA)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableJmag? Jmag of counterpart in 2MASS (Jmag_2MA)magphot.mag;em.IR.JfloatnullableHmag? Hmag of counterpart in 2MASS (Hmag_2MA)magphot.mag;em.IR.HfloatnullableKmag? Ksmag of counterpart in 2MASS (Kmag_2MA)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatnullablee_Jmag? Uncertainty on Jmag of counterpart in 2MASS (e_Jmag_2MA)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablee_Hmag? Uncertainty on Hmag of counterpart in 2MASS (e_Hmag_2MA)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablee_Kmag? Uncertainty on Ksmag of counterpart in 2MASS (e_Kmag_2MA)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullable2MASSName of counterpart in 2MASS (name_2mass_2MA)meta.idcharGaiaDR3Name of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (Gaia_DR3_name)meta.idcharGmagGmag of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (Gmag_Gaia)magphot.mag;em.optdoublee_GmagUncertainty on Gmag of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (Gmag_err_Gaia)magstat.error;phot.magdoubleBPmagBPmag of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (BPmag_Gaia)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublee_BPmagUncertainty on BPmag of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (BPmag_err_Gaia)magstat.error;phot.magdoubleRPmagRPmag of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (RPmag_Gaia)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublee_RPmagUncertainty on RPmag of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (RPmag_err_Gaia)magstat.error;phot.magdoubleRAGdegRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016 of counterpart in Gaia DR3 (RA_Gaia)degpos.eq.raDistGaiaSeparation between eRASS1 position and Gaia DR3 counterpart (Dist_Gaia)arcsecpos.angDistancedoubleHalpha? Halpha strongest emission/weakest absorption if value>0 (Halpha)0.1nmphys.absorption;spect.linefloatnullableps[ps: ] Spin period flag (see paper) (ps)meta.notecharxrb[xrb ] X-ray binary flag (see paper) (xrb)meta.codecharpx[px ] X-ray orbital period flag (see paper) (px)meta.codecharpo[po: ] Optical orbital period flag (see paper) (po)meta.codecharos[os: oo oxo ] Orbital solution flag (see paper) (os)meta.codecharxv[xvl, xvs ] Long-term X-ray variability flag (see paper) (xv)meta.codecharxs[xs: wd] Short-term X-ray variability flag (see paper) (xs)meta.codecharoi[oi: ] Optical identification flag (see paper) (oi)meta.codecharem[em ] Halpha emission line flag (see paper) (em)meta.codecharsx[sx: ] SED fit infrared excess flag (see paper) (sx)meta.codecharix[ix ] Infrared colour infrared excess flag (see paper) (ix)meta.codecharqc[qc ] Quasar candidate counterpart flag (see paper) (qc)meta.codecharnv[nv ] No VMC counterpart flag (see paper) (nv)meta.codecharnm[nm ] No MCPS counterpart flag (see paper) (nm)meta.codecharns[ns ] No high-mass star fitable with SED flag (see paper) (ns)meta.codecharconfClass[1/6] Confidence class (see paper) (confclass)meta.code.qualintentrZ? ID of counterpart in MCPS (entr_Z)meta.idintnullableDistGZ? Distance of MCPS counterpart and Gaia DR3 counterpart (d_G_Z)arcsecpos.angDistancedoublenullableRAZdeg? Right ascension (J2000) of MCPS counterpart (RA_Z)degpos.eq.ranullableDEZdeg? Declination (J2000) of MCPS counterpart (DEC_Z)degpos.eq.decnullableUmagZ? Umag of MCPS counterpart (Umag_Z)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_UmagZ? Uncertainty on Umag of MCPS counterpart (e_Umag_Z)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableBmagZ? Bmag of MCPS counterpart (Bmag_Z)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_BmagZ? Uncertainty on Bmag of MCPS counterpart (e_Bmag_Z)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableVmagZ? Vmag of MCPS counterpart (Vmag_Z)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_VmagZ? Uncertainty on Vmag of MCPS counterpart (e_Vmag_Z)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableImagZ? Imag of MCPS counterpart (Imag_Z)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_ImagZ? Uncertainty on Imag of MCPS counterpart (e_Imag_Z)magstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableU-BZ? U-B of MCPS counterpart (U_B_Z)magphot.color;em.opt.U;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_U-BZ? Uncertainty on U-B of MCPS counterpart (e_U_B_Z)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.UdoublenullableB-VZ? B-V of MCPS counterpart (B_V_Z)magphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Vdoublenullablee_B-VZ? Uncertainty on B-V of MCPS counterpart (e_B_V_Z)magstat.error;phot.color;em.opt.BdoublenullableQZ? Reddening free Q value of MCPS counterpart (see paper) (Q_Z)magphot.color.reddFreedoublenullablee_QZ? Uncertainty of Q value of MCPS counterpart (e_Q_Z)magstat.errordoublenullableVMCIAU Name of VMC counterpart (IAUNAME_VMC)meta.idcharRAVdegRight ascension (J2000) of VMC counterpart (RA2000_VMC)degpos.eq.rae_Y-JVMCError on point source colour Y-J of VMC counterpart (YMJPNTERR_VMC)magstat.errordoubleJ-KsVMCPoint source colour J-Ks (using aperMag3) of VMC counterpart (JMKSPNT_VMC)magphot.color;em.IR;em.IRdoublee_J-KsVMCError on point source colour J-Ks of VMC counterpart (JMKSPNTERR_VMC)magstat.error;phot.color;em.IR.JdoubleKsap3VMCKs mag aperture corrected (2.0 arcsec diam) of VMC counterpart (KSAPERMAG3_VMC)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublee_Ksap3VMCError in Ks aperture corrected mag (2.0 arcsec of VMC counterpart (KSAPERMAG3ERR_VMC)magstat.errordoubleJap3VMCJ mag aperture corrected mag (2.0 arcsec diam) of VMC counterpart (JAPERMAG3_VMC)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublee_Jap3VMCError in J aperture corrected mag (2.0 arcsec of VMC counterpart (JAPERMAG3ERR_VMC)magstat.errordoubleYap3VMCY mag aperture corrected mag (2.0 arcsec diam) of VMC counterpart (YAPERMAG3_VMC)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublee_Yap3VMCError in Y aperture corrected mag (2.0 arcsec of VMC counterpart (YAPERMAG3ERR_VMC)magstat.errordoubleRASdegRight ascension (J2000) of SAGE counterpart (RAJ2000_SAGE)degpos.eq.raDESdegDeclination (J2000) of SAGE counterpart (DEJ2000_SAGE)degpos.eq.dec[3.6]? 3.6um IRAC (Band 1) magnitude of SAGE counterpart (3_6_SAGE)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_[3.6]? 1sigma uncertainty on [3.6] of SAGE counterpart (e_3_6_SAGE)magstat.errorfloatnullable[4.5]? 4.5um IRAC (Band 2) magnitude of SAGE counterpart (4_5_SAGE)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.5]? 1sigma uncertainty on [4.5] of SAGE counterpart (e_4_5_SAGE)magstat.errorfloatnullable[5.8]? 5.8um IRAC (Band 3) magnitude of SAGE counterpart (5_8_SAGE)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[5.8]? 1sigma uncertainty on [5.8] of SAGE counterpart (e_5_8_SAGE)magstat.errorfloatnullable[8.0]? 8.0um IRAC (Band 4) magnitude of SAGE counterpart (8_0_SAGE)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_[8.0]? 1sigma uncertainty on [8.0] of SAGE counterpart (e_8_0_SAGE)magstat.errorfloatnullableXrayNameName of X-ray source (XrayName)meta.id;meta.mainchareRASS1Name of the counterpart in eRASS1 (Merloni et al., 2024, Cat. J/A+A/682/A34) (eRASS1_name)meta.idcharr_HalphaReference ID for Halpha line in refs.dat file (Ref_Halpha)meta.ref;pos.frame;spect.linecharJ/A+A/707/A225/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar