J/A+A/707/A20ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/707/A20CDSLin S.Feng S.Zhang Z.-Y.Zhang C.Tan Q.-H.Wang J.Gao Y.,Jiang X.-J.Gao Y.Wang X.-L.Wang J.Wang J.-F.Matsushita S.,Chung A.Kohno K.Tomoka T.Greve R.T.2026-02-25T08:37:57Z2026-02-25T09:37:05ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fractive-galactic-nucleiinterstellar-mediummillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyspectroscopyWe investigated the interplay between dense molecular gas, star formation, and active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback in the luminous IR galaxy NGC 1068 at sub-kiloparsec scales. We present the HCN (4-3) and HCO+ (4-3) maps of NGC 1068 obtained with JCMT as part of the Mapping the dense molecular gas in the strongest star-forming galaxies (MALATANG) project, and perform spatially resolved analyses of their correlations with IR luminosity and soft X-ray emission. The spatially resolved relations between the luminosities of IR dust emission and dense molecular gas tracers (LIR-L'dense) are found to be nearly linear, without clear evidence of excess contributions from AGN activity. The spatially resolved X-ray emission (L^gas^_0.5-2KeV_) displays a radially dependent twofold correlation with the star formation rate (SFR), suggesting distinct gas-heating mechanisms are at play in areas between the galaxy center and the outer regions. A super-linear scaling is obtained in galactic center regions with SFR surface densities ({SIGMA}SFR)>8.2x10^-6^M_{sun}/yr/kpc^2^:log(L^gas^_0.5-2KeV_/erg/s) = 2.2log(SFR/M_{sun}/yr)+39.1. We further find a statistically significant super-linear correlation (beta=1.34+/-0.86) between L^gas^_0.5-2KeV_/SFR and the HCN(4-3)/CO(1-0) intensity ratio, whereas no such trend is seen for HCO+(4-3)/CO(1-0) or CO(3-2)/CO(1-0). These findings indicate that AGN feedback does not dominate star formation regulation on sub-kiloparsec scales, and that the excitation of dense gas traced by HCN (4-3) may be more directly influenced by high-energy feedback processes compared to HCO+ (4-3) and CO (3-2).2026A&A...707A..20Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/707/A20CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/602/A78 : NGC1068 interferometric mid-IR measurementsJ/A+A/613/A3 : NGC 1068 deep millimeter spectroscopy observationsJ/A+A/625/A100 : NGC 1068 SPHERE-VLT images (Rouan+, 2019)J/A+A/634/A1 : NGC 1068 GRAVITY reconstructed image (GRAVITY+, 2020)J/A+A/634/A125 : NGC 1068 nucleus molecular line spectra at 2mm (Qiu+, 2020)J/A+A/660/A83 : NGC1068 I-HCN(1-0) & I-HCO+(1-0) maps (Sanchez-Garcia+, 2022)J/A+A/678/A206 : Ionized clouds in central arcsecond of NGC1068 (Vermot+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/707/A20https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A20https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A20http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/707/A20GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/707/A20/tablea1 (*Velocity-integrated intensities and luminosities of NGC 1068 at sub kpc scale)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A20/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A20/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/707/A20/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true40.6811111-0.02416670.0055555555555555566/17754https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/707/A20?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/707/A20/tablea1*Velocity-integrated intensities and luminosities of NGC 1068 at sub kpc scalerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintoRAOffset in right ascension from reference coordinate (02:42:40.8, -00:00:47)arcsecpos.eq.ra;arith.diffintoDEOffset in declination from reference coordinate (02:42:40.8, -00:00:47)arcsecpos.eq.dec;arith.diffintIHCN43HCN(4-3) integrated intensityK.km/sphot.flux.densityfloate_IHCN43? HCN(4-3) integrated intensity uncertaintyK.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablef_IHCN43HCN(4-3) integrated intensity flag (1)meta.codecharIHCO+43HCO+(4-3) integrated intensityK.km/sphot.flux.densityfloate_IHCO+43? HCO+(4-3) integrated intensity uncertaintyK.km/sstat.errorfloatnullablef_IHCO+43HCO+(4-3) integrated intensity flag (1)meta.codecharLHCN43HCN(4-3) Luminosity10000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LHCN43? HCN(4-3) Luminosity uncertainty10000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatnullablef_LHCN43HCN(4-3) Luminosity flag (1)meta.codecharLHCO+43HCO+(4-3) Luminosity10000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LHCO+43? HCO+(4-3) Luminosity uncertainty10000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatnullablef_LHCO+43HCO+(4-3) Luminosity flag (1)meta.codecharLCO32CO (3-2) Luminosity100000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LCO32? CO (3-2) Luminosity uncertainty100000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatnullablef_LCO32CO (3-2) Luminosity flag (1)meta.codecharLCO10CO (1-0) Luminosity100000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2phys.luminosityfloate_LCO10? CO (1-0) Luminosity uncertainty100000K.km.s**-1.pc**-2stat.errorfloatnullablef_LCO10CO (1-0) Luminosity flag (1)meta.codecharLTIRTotal IR luminosity1e+07solLumphys.luminosity;em.IRfloate_LTIR? Total IR luminosity uncertainty1e+07solLumstat.errorfloatnullablef_LTIRTotal IR luminosity flag (1)meta.codecharlogLgas? 0.5-2keV gas luminosity in log scalelog(1e-07W)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatnullablee_logLgas? 0.5-2keV gas luminosity in log scale uncertaintylog(1e-07W)stat.errorfloatnullablef_logLgas0.5-2keV gas luminosity flagmeta.codechar_RAPositions from offsets (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from offsets (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main