J/A+A/706/A98ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/706/A98doi:10.26093/cds/vizier/bc-p2/ljiCDSKoo E.Stefansson G.Kavanagh R.D.Delamer M.Mahadevan S.,Callingham J.R.Vedantham H.Robertson P.Bruijne D.Bender C.F.,Canas C.I.Diddams S.Espinoza-Retamal J.I.Fernandes R.B.,Halverson S.Kanodia S.Krolikowski D.Lin A.S.J.Pope B.J.S.,Roy A.Schwab C.Terrien R.Wright J.T.2026-03-02T20:01:25Z2026-02-04T08:21:03ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsdwarf-starsspectroscopyvisible-astronomyradio-sourcesinfrared-astronomystellar-spectral-typesmetallicityeffective-temperatureradial-velocitystellar-radiiRecent observations with the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) have revealed 19 nearby M dwarfs showing bright circularly polarised radio emission. One of the possible sources of such emission is through magnetic star-planet interactions (MSPI) with unseen close-in planets. We present initial results from a spectroscopic survey with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder (HPF) and NEID spectrographs designed to characterize this sample and further investigate the origin of the radio emission. We provide four new insights into the sample. I) We uniformly characterize the stellar properties, constraining their effective temperatures (Teff), surface gravities (logg), metallicities ([Fe/H]), projected rotational velocities (vsini*), rotation periods (Prot), stellar radii (R*), and stellar inclinations (i*) where possible. Further, from a homogenous analysis of the HPF spectra, we infer their chromospheric activity and spectroscopic multiplicity states. From this, we identify GJ 625, GJ 1151, and LHS 2395 as single, quiescent stars amenable to precise RV follow-up, making them strong MSPI candidates. II) We show that the distribution of stellar inclinations are compatible with an isotropic distribution, providing no evidence for a preference to pole-on configurations. III) We refine the radial velocity solution for GJ 625 b, the only currently known close-in planet in the sample, reducing the uncertainty in its orbital period by a factor of three, to facilitate future phase-dependent radio analysis. IV) Finally, we identify GJ 3861 as a spectroscopic binary with an orbital period of P=14.841181_-0.00010_^+0.00011^d and with a mass ratio of q=0.7663_-0.0018_^+0.0020^, making it the only confirmed binary with a relatively short orbit in the sample, where we surmise the radio emission is likely related to magnetospheric interactions between the two stars. These results advance our understanding of radio-emitting M dwarfs and establish an observational foundation for identifying MSPI.2026A&A...706A..98Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/706/A98CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/352 : Distances to 1.47 billion stars in Gaia EDR3I/356 : Gaia DR3 Part 2. Extra-galacticJ/A+A/682/A170 : AU Mic dynamic spectra of 42 radio observationsJ/A+A/671/A50 : GJ 1151 CARMENES and HARPS-N data (Blanco-Pozo+, 2023)J/A+A/670/A124 : Circularly polarised LoTSS sources (Callingham+, 2023)J/A+A/670/A139 : CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfsJ/A+A/662/A41 : Magnetic fields in 292 M dwarfs. (Reiners+, 2022)J/A+A/649/A6 : Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars - GCNSJ/A+A/649/L12 : GJ 1151 radial velocity curve (Perger+, 2021)J/A+A/648/A2 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey Deep Fields DR1J/A+A/638/A5 : HD 285507 and AD Leo light and velocity curvesJ/A+A/626/A31 : Radial velocities of nearby stars (Sperauskas+, 2019)J/A+A/623/A44 : CARMENES M-dwarfs activity indicators (Schoefer+, 2019)J/A+A/622/A1 : LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey DR1 source catalogJ/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input catalogue of M dwarfs. IJ/A+A/552/A119 : Planet-star and moon-planet interaction (Saur+, 2013)J/MNRAS/441/2361 : Stellar magnetism, age and rotation (Vidotto+, 2014)J/MNRAS/390/567 : Magnetic field and velocity of mid M dwarfsJ/ApJ/931/L15 : Obs. of two transits of GJ 3470b with NEIDJ/ApJ/834/85 : H{alpha} emission in nearby M dwarfs (Newton+, 2017)J/ApJ/804/64 : Empirical and model parameters of 183 M dwarfsJ/A+A/331/581 : Rotation and activity in field M dwarfs (Delfosse+ 1998)J/AJ/168/93 : Phot. follow-up of TOI-2015 & discovery of TOI-2015bJ/AJ/160/192 : Photometry and RVs of K2-25b with HPFJ/AJ/159/100 : Flux & RVs of the dwarf G9-40 with K2 & HPFJ/AJ/159/139 : Multiple M dwarf stars with Robo-AO and Gaia DR2J/AJ/157/231 : MLSDSS-GaiaDR2 sample of M and L dwarfs (Kiman+, 2019)J/AJ/156/102 : The TESS Input Catalog and Candidate Target ListJ/AJ/156/45 : M-dwarf multiples in the SDSS-III/APOGEE (Skinner+,2018)J/AJ/155/192 : Radial velocities & photometry of AD Leonis & GJ 674J/ApJS/150/455 : New HIP-based parallaxes for 424 faint starsJ/other/Sci/382.1031 : LHS 3154 RV and activity indicators (Stefansson+, 2023)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/706/A98https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/706/A98http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/706/A98https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/706/A98https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/706/A98http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/706/A98GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/706/A98/table1 (Stellar parameters derived for the V-LoTSS Mdwarf sample)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/706/A98/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/706/A98/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/706/A98/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true246.352596154.30410140.0055555555555555566/4444 5080 5371 5387 5534 5590 5601 5727 5882 5950 9150 10149 10156 10303 10905 11447 11596 14266 28646https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/706/A98?format=asciiOpticalInfraredRadiodefaultJ/A+A/706/A98/table1Stellar parameters derived for the V-LoTSS Mdwarf samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTargetTarget Mdwarf namemeta.id;meta.maincharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablen_TargetNote on targets (1)meta.notecharSpTypeSpectral types (SpType)src.spTypechare_SpType? Uncertainty of spectral type (errSpType)stat.error;src.spTypefloatnullabler_SpTypeSpectral reference for Mdwarf G 240-45 as Callingham et al. (2021NatAs...5.1233C) (refSpType)meta.ref;pos.framecharTeff? Effective temperature (Teff)Kphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff? Uncertainty of Teff (errTeff)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullablelogg? Logarithm of the surface gravity (logg)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablee_logg? Uncertainty of logg (errlogg)log(cm.s**-2)stat.errorfloatnullable[Fe/H]? Iron to hydrogen abundance ratio ([Fe/H])log(Sun)phys.abund.Fe;arith.ratiofloatnullablel_VsiniThe Upper limit flag of rotational velocitymeta.code.error;phys.veloc.rotatcharVsini? The rotational velocity (vsini_*_)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_Vsini? Uncertainty of Vsini (errvsini_*_)km/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullableMethodMethod used to derived Vsini (2)meta.notecharProt? Rotation periods (Prot) (3)dphysdoublenullablee_Prot? Uncertainty of Prot (errProt)dstat.errorfloatnullabler_ProtLiterature reference of Prot (4)meta.ref;pos.framecharR*? The stellar radius (R_*_)solRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablee_R*? Uncertainty of R* (errR_*_)solRadstat.errorfloatnullablei? Inclination angle (i_*_)degsrc.orbital.inclination;pos.posAngfloatnullablee_i? Lower band uncertainty of idegstat.errorfloatnullableE_i? Upper band uncertainty of idegstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/706/A98/tablea1Radial velocities of GJ 625recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndexIndex number (Index)meta.idintBJDBarycentric Julian Date at TDB of measurement (BJD_TDB_)dtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocity (RV)m/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricdoublee_RVThe 1-sigma uncertainty of RV ({sigma})m/sstat.errordoubleInstInstrument for spectroscopy (Instrument) (1)meta.id;instrcharJ/A+A/706/A98/tablea2Radial velocities of GJ 3861e_RV1The 1-sigma uncertainty of RV1 ({sigma}_1_)km/sstat.errorfloatRV2Radial velocity of the secondary star (v2)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloate_RV2The 1-sigma uncertainty of RV2 ({sigma}_2)km/sstat.errorfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian Date at TDB of measurement (time)dtime.epochdoubleRV1Radial velocity of the primary star (v1)km/sspect.dopplerVelocfloat