J/A+A/700/A11ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/700/A11doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.37000011CDSSuarez Mascareno A.Artigau E.Mignon L.Delfosse X.Cook N.J.,Bouchy F.Doyon R.Gonzalez Hernandez J.I.Vandal T.de Castro Leao I.,Stefanov A.K.Faria J.Cadieux C.Lamontagne P.Baron F.Barros S.C.C.,Benneke B.Bonfils X.Bryan M.Canto Martins B.L.Cloutier R.,Cowan N.B.Brito de Freitas D.Renan De Medeiros J.Delgado-Mena E.,Figueira P.Dumusque X.Ehrenreich D.Lafreniere D.Lovis C.Malo L.,Melo C.Mordasini C.Pepe F.Rebolo R.Rowe J.Santos N.C.,Segransan D.Udry S.Valencia D.Wade G.Abreu M.Aguiar J.L.A.,Al Moulla K.Allain G.Allart R.Arial T.Auger H.Bazinet L.Blind N.,Bohlender D.Boisse I.Boucher A.Bourrier V.Bovay S.Broeg C.,Brousseau D.Cabral A.Carmona A.Carteret Y.Challita Z.Chazelas B.,Coelho J.Cointepas M.Conod U.Cristo E.Costa Silva A.R.,Darveau-Bernier A.Dauplaise L.Delisle J.-B.de Lima Gomes R.,Forveille T.Frensch Y.G.C.Gracia Temich F.Fontinele D.O.Gagne J.,Genest F.Genolet L.Gomes da Silva J.Grieves N.Hernandez O.,Hobson M.J.Hoeijmakers H.J.Hubin N.Jahandar F.Jayawardhana R.,Kaeufl H.-U.Kerley D.Kolb J.Krishnamurthy V.Kung B.L'Heureux A.,Larue P.Leath H.Lim O.Lo Curto G.Martins A.M.Matthews J.,Mayer J.-S.Messias Y.S.Metchev S.Moranta L.Mounzer D.Nari N.,Nielsen L.D.Osborn A.Ouellet M.Otegi J.Parc L.Pasquini L.,Passegger V.M.Pelletier S.Peroux C.Piaulet-Ghorayeb C.Plotnykov M.,Pompei E.Poulin-Girard A.-S.Rasilla J.L.Reshetov V.Saint-Antoine J.,Sarajlic M.Saviane I.Schnell R.Segovia A.Seidel J.Silber A.,Sinclair P.Sordet M.Sosnowska D.Srivastava A.Teixeira M.A.,Thibault S.Vallee P.Vaulato V.Wardenier J.P.Wehbe B.Weisserman D.,Wevers I.Wildi F.Yariv V.Zins G.2025-08-27T20:01:12Z2025-07-29T07:20:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsdwarf-starsexoplanetsradial-velocityinfrared-astronomyultraviolet-astronomyvisible-astronomyWe obtained 420 high-resolution spectra of Proxima, over 159 nights, using the Near Infra Red Planet Searcher (NIRPS). We derived 149 nightly binned radial velocity measurements with a standard deviation of 1.69m/s and a median uncertainty of 55cm/s, and performed a joint analysis combining radial velocities, spectroscopic activity indicators, and ground-based photometry, to model the planetary and stellar signals present in the data, applying multi-dimensional Gaussian process regression to model the activity signals. We detect the radial velocity signal of Proxima b in the NIRPS data. All planetary characteristics are consistent with those previously derived using visible light spectrographs. In addition, we find evidence of the presence of the sub-Earth Proxima d in the NIRPS data. When combining the data with the HARPS observations taken simultaneous to NIRPS, we obtain a tentative detection of Proxima d and parameters consistent with those measured with ESPRESSO. By combining the NIRPS data with simultaneously obtained HARPS observations and archival data, we confirm the existence of Proxima d, and demonstrate that its parameters are stable over time and against change of instrument. We refine the planetary parameters of Proxima b and d, and find inconclusive evidence of the signal attributed to Proxima c (P=1900d) being present in the data. We measure Proxima b and d to have minimum masses of 1.055+/-0.055M_{Earth}_, and 0.260+/-0.038M_{Earth}_, respectively. Our results show that, in the case of Proxima, NIRPS provides more precise radial velocity data than HARPS, and a more significant detection of the planetary signals. The standard deviation of the residuals of NIRPS after the fit is ~80cm/s, showcasing the potential of NIRPS to measure precise radial velocities in the near-infrared.2025A&A...700A..11Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/700/A11CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicerelated-toJ/A+A/534/A133 : Proxima Cen chromospheric emission lines (Fuhrmeister+, 2011)J/A+A/603/A58 : Full spectrum of Proxima Centauri (Ribas+, 2017)J/AJ/153/93 : MOST photometry of Proxima (Kipping+, 2017)J/AJ/155/12 : Photometry of Proxima Centauri observed by BSST (Liu+, 2018)J/A+A/626/A111 : Proxima Cen flare activity temporal changes (Pavlenko+, 2019)J/A+A/638/A120 : SPHERE maps around Proxima Cen (Gratton+, 2020)J/A+A/639/A77 : Proxima Cen RV, FWHM and fluxes (Suarez Mascareno+, 2020)J/A+A/658/A115 : Proxima Cen ESPRESSO RV and FWHM (Faria+, 2022)J/A+A/666/A196 : Proxima telluric-corrected ESPRESSO RV (Allart+, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/700/A11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/700/A11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/700/A11https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/700/A11https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/700/A11http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/700/A11GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapUVOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/700/A11/specSpectroscopic datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubledRVRelative radial velocitym/sphys.veloc;arith.difffloate_dRVRelative radial velocity uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatdFWHM? Relative FWHM variationm/sspect.line.widthdoublenullablee_dFWHM? Relative FWHM variation uncertaintym/sstat.errordoublenullableCRX? Chromatic RV slopespect.indexdoublenullablee_CRX? Chromatic RV slope uncertaintystat.errordoublenullabledTeff? Relative effective temperature variationkphys.temperature;arith.diffdoublenullablee_dTeff? Relative effective temperature variation uncertaintykstat.errordoublenullableBERV? Baricentric Earth Radial Velocitykm/sspect.dopplerVeloc;pos.eop;pos.earthdoublenullableInstInstrument (1)meta.id;instrcharJ/A+A/700/A11/photoPhotometric datarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian date (BJD-2450000)dtime.epochdoubledFluxRelative flux variations (in ppt)phot.flux;arith.ratiofloate_dFluxRelative flux variations uncertainty (in ppt)stat.errorfloatInstInstrument (1)meta.id;instrchar