J/A+A/698/A282ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/698/A282doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36980282CDSMessineo M.2026-05-06T20:02:53Z2025-06-24T10:38:38ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsupergiant-starslate-type-starsstellar-spectral-typesstellar-distanceapparent-magnitudeextinctionOur position within the Galactic plane and the dust obscuration make it challenging to retrieve a true picture of the Milky Way's morphology. While the Milky Way has been recognized as a barred spiral galaxy since the 1960s, there is still uncertainty about the exact number of spiral arms it contains. Currently, our understanding of the galaxy is evolving, thanks to the unprecedented details provided by Gaia's parallactic distances. To shed light on the spatial distribution of red supergiants (RSGs) on the Plane and their uniformity of parameters across it, a census of galactic RSGs detected by Gaia is needed. Candidate RSGs are extracted from the combined Gaia DR3 and 2MASS catalogs using color criteria and parallactic distances. The sample included 335 stars which were not included in catalogs of previously known RSGs detected by Gaia DR3. Interstellar and circumstellar extinction values are estimated from the infrared bands. Spectral types are collected from Simbad or VIZIER databases and, for 135 candidates, are inferred from the Gaia DR3 BPRP spectra. Stellar luminosities are inferred using photometric measurements and the Gaia DR3 distances. The analysis performed warrants a genuine sample of O-rich late-type stars, and the calculated luminosities confirm that the sample is mostly made of stars brighter than Mbol=-5mag. This new sample represents a 40% increase of the number of highly-probable RSGs compared to previous studies. When looking at the X and Y distribution on the Galactic plane, beside the populous Perseus associations of RSGs, and the Sagittarius group of RSGs, a novel population of highly-probable RSGs populating the more distant Scutum-Centaurus arm appears.2025A&A...698A.282Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/698/A282CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/158/20 : K-M stars of class I candidate RSGs in Gaia DR2https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/698/A282https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/698/A282http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/698/A282https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/698/A282https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/698/A282http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/698/A282GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/698/A282/table1 (Lists the 335 bright late-type stars (cRSGs))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A282/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A282/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A282/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true79.822046940.13827330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/698/A282/tab_xyv (*Joint samples of stars in areas A & B)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A282/tab_xyv?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A282/tab_xyv?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/698/A282/tab_xyv?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.1254683-10.50957470.0055555555555555565/814 3577 3905 7200 9475 9481 9504-9505 10419 6/1281 1341 1354 1376 1380 1429 1444 1455 1754 1954 1961-1963 2031 2847 2880 2907 2911 2938 2940 3027 3031 3037-3039 3043 3046 3055 3058 3061-3062 3067 3153 3166 3180 3243 3247 3253 3262 3271-3273 3275 3279 3290 3296 3299 3301-3303 3306 3319-3320 3324 3328 3456 3489 3491 3602 3604 3608-3609 3611 3614-3615 3621-3623 3625-3627 3629-3630 3632 3634-3635 3637 3640 3642 3647-3648 3657 3680 3682 3707 3715-3718 3720-3721 3726 3730 3744-3745 3800 3894 6795 12329 12974 12987 13001 13037 14007 14067 14079 14110 14236 14243 14246 14251 14253-14254 14257-14258 14260-14261 14264-14266 14269 14271 14280 14285-14289 14291 14294-14295 14297-14298 14301-14303 14306-14307 14314-14316 14319-14322 14324 14327 14355 14357-14358 14360 14413 14422 14424 14428 14430 14437 14449 14452 14463 14600 14602-14603 14606 14617 14619-14620 14622-14623 14629-14631 14638 14644 14646 14662 14664 14680 14689 14691-14693 14703 14708-14709 14711 15144 15365-15367 15369 15374 15378 15384 15396 15401 15441-15443 15446 15454 15474 15493 15543 15577 15631 15633 15635-15636 15638 15641 15680 15682 15692 15699 15752 17256 20805 20822 20849 20854 20863 21504 21506 21509 21521 21531 21537 21549 21552 21635 21637 21641 21659 21662 21668 22032 22037 22039 22064 22073 22078 22121 22126 22211 22213 22234 22244 22284 22440 23618 23623 23677 23679 23814 23880 23955 24151 24189 24336-24338 24344 24361 24393 24486 24497 28687 28714-28715 28718 28780 28783 28807-28808 28813 28822 28825 28828 28830 28835 28849 28855 28864 28869 28872 28878 28891-28892 28894 28898 28901-28902 28912 28914-28915 28920 28926 28972 28996 29069 29074 29080 29088-29090 29092 29094-29095 29097 29100 29102 29106-29107 29112 29115-29116 29118 29157 29159 29162 29164 29182 29457 29459-29460 29505 29507-29508 29513 29524 29535 29696 30222-30223 30244-30245 30247 30257-30259 30267-30268 30305 30312-30313 30316 30322 30329 30405 30411 30422-30423 30490 30508 30592 30596 30626 30640-30641 30670 30691 30709 30716 30913 37142 37211 37238-37239 37244 37247 37308 37335 37337-37338 37341-37342 37345 37363-37364 37375 37639 37716 37718 37721 37745 37753 37757 37823 37850-37852 37855 37863 37866 37871 37893-37895 37904 37907-37908 37910 37912-37913 37922-37923 37928-37930 37936 37941 38024-38026 38028 38044 38048 38050 38053 38059 38406 38539 39114 39233 39236 39242 39247 39256 39258 39274 39323 39373 39379-39380 39388 39391 39405 39700 39749 39751 39754-39755 39759 39762 39769-39770 39776 39780 39789 39793-39795 39801 39804 39884 39900 39918 39923-39924 39932 39934 40082 40584 40600 40611 40613 40617 40619-40620 40635 40676 41417 41448 41468 41549 41554 41585 41595 41597 41599 41616 41631 41644 41646 41649 41651-41653 41655 41659-41660 41662 41667 41669 41671 41673-41675 41680-41681 41684 41692 41696-41698 41704 41706 41718 41743 41746 41751 41753-41754 41757 41761-41765 41768-41769 41773-41774 41778 41788 41793-41795 41799 41809 41812-41813 41856 41878 42154 42156 42158-42159 42165 42168-42170 42172-42174 42185 42210-42211 42213 42216-42217 42221 42229 42238 42285 42350 42363 42367 42371 42378-42380 42389-42391 42396-42397 42400 42403-42404 42408 42424 42434-42435 42437-42438 42440 42450 42452 42456 42488-42489 42496 42500 42504 42513 42530 42777 42919 43016-43017 43019-43020 43022-43023 43026 43028-43030 43033 43039 43042-43043 43048-43049 45590 47342 476586.772611666688002e-21 1.7003137259100215e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/698/A282?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/698/A282/table1Lists the 335 bright late-type stars (cRSGs)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_idmeta.id;meta.main2MASS2MASS IDmeta.idcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharTeffEffective temperature (1)Kphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffEffective temperature error (1)Kstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintArea[ABCDEF] Area occupied (2)obs.fieldcharJ-KsIntrinsic (J-Ks) color (3)magphot.color;em.IR.J;em.IR.KfloatH-KsIntrinsic (H-Ks) color (3)magphot.color;em.IR.H;em.IR.KfloatAKsTotal extinction in Ks band (4)magphys.absorptionfloate_AKsUncertainty in AKs (4)magstat.errorfloattau-2.2Envelope optical depth (5)phys.absorption.opticalDepthfloatKsmag0Dereddened 2MASS Ks band magnitude (6)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloate_Ksmag0Uncertainty in Ksmag0 (6)magstat.error;phot.magfloatMbolBCBolometric magnitude from BCK (7)magphot.mag.bolfloate_MbolBCUncertainty in MbolBC (10)magstat.errorfloatMboltrap? Bolometric magnitude by integration (8)magphot.mag.bolfloatnullablee_Mboltrap? Uncertainty in Mboltrap (10)magstat.errorfloatnullableMboldust? Bolometric magnitude from DUSTY (9)magphot.mag.bolfloatnullablee_Mboldust? Uncertainty in Mboldust (10)magstat.errorfloatnullableDMGeometric Distance modulus (11)magphot.mag.distModfloatE_DMUpper uncertainty in DM (11)magstat.error;stat.maxfloate_DM[] Lower uncertainty in DM (11)magstat.errorfloatQual[1/2] Quality flag (12)meta.code.qualintClusterName of the associated stellar cluster (13)meta.idcharlogAge? Cluster age (13)log(yr)time.agefloatnullable_RAPositions from Gaia DR3 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Gaia DR3 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainJ/A+A/698/A282/photInfrared photometry used to build the SEDsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint2MASS2MASS IDmeta.id;meta.maincharJmag2MASS J band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatq_JmagQuality flag on Jmagmeta.code.qualcharHmag? 2MASS H band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullableq_HmagQuality flag on Hmagmeta.code.qualcharW4mag? WISE W4 band (22.1 micron) magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullable3.6mag? GLIMPSE catalog 3.6 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullable4.5mag? GLIMPSE catalog 4.5 micron band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullable5.8mag? GLIMPSE catalog 5.8 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullable8.0mag? GLIMPSE catalog 8.0 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullable24mag? Spitzer/MIPS 24 micron band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableKsmag2MASS Ks band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.Kfloatq_KsmagQuality flag on Ksmagmeta.code.qualchar8.3mag? MSX A band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullable12.1mag? MSX C band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullable14.6mag? MSX D band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullable21.3mag? MSX E band magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullableW1mag? WISE W1 band (3.4 micron) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullableW2mag? WISE W2 band (4.6 micron) magnitudemagphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullableW3mag? WISE W3 band (11.6 micron) magnitudemagphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullableJ/A+A/698/A282/tab_xyv*Joint samples of stars in areas A & BrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source_id of the cRSGmeta.id;meta.mainGLON[-177/178[ Galactic longitudedegpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitudedegpos.galactic.latfloatX8125Distance from Galactic center along the Plane (1)kpcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticfloatY8125Distance in Plane, perpendicular to the X (2)kpcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloatX8500Distance from Galactic center along the Plane (1)kpcpos.cartesian.x;pos.galacticfloatY8500Distance in Plane, perpendicular to the X (2)kpcpos.cartesian.y;pos.galacticfloatVlsrVelocity in Local Standard of Rest (3)km/sphys.veloc;pos.lsrfloatSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable_RAPositions from Gaia DR3 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPositions from Gaia DR3 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main