J/A+A/697/A12ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/697/A12CDSMarleau F.R.Cuillandre J.-C.Cantiello M.Carollo D.Duc P.-A.,Habas R.Hunt L.K.Jablonka P.Mirabile M.Mondelin M.Poulain M.,Saifollahi T.Sanchez-Janssen R.Sola E.Urbano M.Zoller R.,Bolzonella M.Lancon A.Laureijs R.Marchal O.Schirmer M.Stone C.,Boselli A.Ferre-Mateu A.Hatch N.A.Kluge M.Montes M.Sorce J.G.,Venhola A.Golden-Marx J.B.Aghanim N.Amara A.Andreon S.,Auricchio N.Baldi M.Balestra A.Bardelli S.Bender R.Bodendorf C.,Branchini E.Brescia M.Brinchmann J.Camera S.Candini G.P.,Capobianco V.Carbone C.Carretero J.Casas S.Castellano M.,Cavuoti S.Cimatti A.Congedo G.Conselice C.J.Conversi L.Copin Y.,Courbin F.Courtois H.M.Cropper M.Da Silva A.Degaudenzi H.,Di Giorgio A.M.Dinis J.Douspis M.Dupac X.Dusini S.Ealet A.,Farina M.Farrens S.Ferriol S.Fosalba P.Fotopoulou S.Frailis M.,Franceschi E.Fumana M.Galeotta S.Garilli B.Gillard W.Gillis B.,Giocoli C.Gomez-Alvarez P.Grazian A.Grupp F.Guzzo L.Hailey M.,Haugan S.V.H.Hoar J.Hoekstra H.Holmes W.Hook I.Hormuth F.,Hornstrup A.Hu D.Hudelot P.Jahnke K.Jhabvala M.Keihanen E.,Kermiche S.Kiessling A.Kitching T.Kohley R.Kubik B.Kummel M.,Kunz M.Kurki-Suonio H.Lahav O.Le Mignant D.Ligori S.Lilje P.B.,Lindholm V.Lloro I.Maino D.Maiorano E.Mansutti O.Marggraf O.,Markovic K.Martinet N.Marulli F.Massey R.Maurogordato S.,Medinaceli E.Mei S.Mellier Y.Meneghetti M.Merlin E.Meylan G.,Moresco M.Moscardini L.Munari E.Nakajima R.Nichol R.C.Niemi S.-M.,Padilla C.Paltani S.Pasian F.Pedersen K.Percival W.J.Pettorino V.,Pires S.Polenta G.Poncet M.Popa L.A.Pozzetti L.Raison F.,Rebolo R.Refregier A.Renzi A.Rhodes J.Riccio G.Rix H.-W. ,Romelli E.Roncarelli M.Rossetti E.Saglia R.Sapone D.Scaramella R.,Schneider P.Secroun A.Seidel G.Seiffert M.Serrano S.Sirignano C.,Sirri G.Stanco L.Tallada-Crespi P.Taylor A.N.Teplitz H.I.,Tereno I.Toledo-Moreo R.Tsyganov A.Tutusaus I.Valentijn E.A.,Valenziano L.Vassallo T.Verdoes Kleijn G.Veropalumbo A.Wang Y.,Weller J.Williams O.R.Zamorani G.Zucca E.Baccigalupi C.Biviano A.,Burigana C.De Lucia G.George K.Scottez V.Viel M.Simon P.Mora A.,Scott D.2025-06-02T07:05:25Z2025-04-30T13:29:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxy-clustersdwarf-galaxiesgalaxy-classification-systemsinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWe make use of the unprecedented depth, spatial resolution, and field of view of the Euclid Early Release Observations (EROs) of the Perseus galaxy cluster to detect and characterise the dwarf galaxy population in this massive system. Using a dedicated annotation tool, the Euclid high resolution VIS and combined VIS+NIR colour images were visually inspected and dwarf galaxy candidates were identified. Their morphologies, the presence of nuclei, and their globular cluster (GC) richness were visually assessed, complementing an automatic detection of the GC candidates. Structural and photometric parameters, including Euclid filter colours, were extracted from 2-dimensional fitting. Based on this analysis, a total of 1100 dwarf candidates were found across the image, with 606 appearing to be new identifications. The majority (96%) are classified as dwarf ellipticals, 53% are nucleated, 26% are GC-rich, and 6% show disturbed morphologies. A relatively high fraction of galaxies, 8%, are categorised as ultra diffuse galaxies. The majority of the dwarfs follow the expected scaling relations of galaxies. Globally, the GC specific frequency, S_N_, of the Perseus dwarf candidates is intermediate between those measured in the Virgo and Coma clusters. While the dwarf candidates with the largest GC counts are found throughout the Euclid field of view, the dwarfs located around the east-west strip, where most of the brightest cluster members are found, exhibit larger S_N_ values, on average. The spatial distribution of the dwarfs, GCs, and intracluster light show a main iso-density/isophotal centre displaced to the west of the bright galaxy light distribution. The ERO imaging of the Perseus cluster demonstrates the unique capability of Euclid to concurrently detect and characterise large samples of dwarf galaxies, their nuclei, and their GC systems, allowing us to construct a detailed picture of the formation and evolution of galaxies over a wide range of mass scales and environments.2025A&A...697A..12Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/697/A12CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/MNRAS/422/885 : Ultracompact dwarf galaxies in Perseus (Penny+, 2012)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A12https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A12https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A12http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A12GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A12/tablea1 (Visual properties of the of dwarf galaxies candidates)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A12/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A12/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A12/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true48.9754541.69280.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A12/tableb1 (Visual properties of the galaxies from our initial list of sources with a score below the threshold of 0.7 (corresponding to 5/7 classifiers))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A12/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A12/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A12/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true49.0038541.815750.0055555555555555565/425 6/1679https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/697/A12?format=asciiOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/697/A12/tablea1Visual properties of the of dwarf galaxies candidatesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDName of the dwarf galaxy candidate (EDwC-NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharn_ID[*] Note (G1)meta.notecharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) of the dwarf galaxy candidatedegpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) of the dwarf galaxy candidatedegpos.eq.dec;meta.mainMorph[dE dI] Morphological type of the dwarf galaxy candidatesrc.morph.typecharGC-rich'Yes' if the dwarf galaxy candidate is GC-rich, 'No' otherwisemeta.codecharNucleated'Yes' if the dwarf galaxy candidate is nucleated, 'No' otherwisemeta.codecharDisturbed'Yes' if the dwarf galaxy candidate has a disturbed Morphology, 'No' otherwisemeta.codecharJ/A+A/697/A12/tablea2Photometric and structural properties of the dwarf galaxy candidates.recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIEtotTotal I_E_ band magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloate_IEtotTotal I_E_ band magnitude errormagstat.errorfloatReEffective radiusarcsecphys.angSizefloate_ReEffective radius errorarcsecstat.errorfloatnSersic indexstat.fit.paramfloate_nSersic index errorstat.errorfloatARAxis ratiophys.size.axisRatiofloate_ARAxis ratio errorstat.errorfloatPAPosition angleradpos.posAngfloate_PAPosition angle errorradstat.errorfloatmuIE-0Central surface brightness in the I_E_ bandmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbfloate_muIE-0Central surface brightness in the I_E_ band errormag.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloatmuIE-eSurface brightness at effective radius in the I_E_ bandmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Ifloate_muIE-eSurface brightness at effective radius in the I_E_ band errormag.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloat<muIE-e>Surface brightness within one effective radiusmag.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sb;em.opt.Ifloate_<muIE-e>Surface brightness within one effective radius errormag.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloatNGC[-22/108] Number of globular clusters which has been background and completeness corrected (1)meta.numberinte_NGCNumber of globular clusters errorstat.errorintNNSC+GVNumber of globular clusters + nuclear star clusters within R_e_/3 of the galaxy photocentremeta.numberintIDName of the dwarf galaxy candidate (EDwC-NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharn_ID[*] Note (G1)meta.notecharJ/A+A/697/A12/tablea3Aperture magnitudes and extinction corrections (EC) in the Euclid Y_E_, J_E_ and H_E_ bands for each dwarf galaxy candidaterecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the I_E_ bandmagphot.mag;em.optfloatnullablee_IEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the I_E_ band errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableEC(IE)Extinction correction in the I_E_ bandmagobs.atmos.extinctionfloate_EC(IE)Extinction correction in the I_E_ band errormagstat.errorfloatYEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the Y_E_ bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_YEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the Y_E_ band errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableEC(YE)Extinction correction in the Y_E_ bandmagobs.atmos.extinctionfloate_EC(YE)Extinction correction in the Y_E_ band errormagstat.errorfloatJEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the J_E_ bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_JEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the J_E_ band errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullableEC(JE)Extinction correction in the J_E_ bandmagobs.atmos.extinctionfloate_EC(JE)Extinction correction in the J_E_ band errormagstat.errorfloatHEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the H_E_ bandmagphot.mag;em.IR.Hfloatnullablee_HEmag? Aperture photometry magnitude in the H_E_ band errormagstat.error;phot.magfloatnullablen_ID[*] Note (G1)meta.notecharEC(HE)Extinction correction in the H_E_ bandmagobs.atmos.extinctionfloate_EC(HE)Extinction correction in the H_E_ band errormagstat.errorfloatFlag[0/3] Flag identifying the level of contamination from other sources within the aperture (1)meta.code.errorintIDName of the dwarf galaxy candidate (EDwC-NNNN)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/697/A12/tableb1Visual properties of the galaxies from our initial list of sources with a score below the threshold of 0.7 (corresponding to 5/7 classifiers)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxy rejected as a dwarf galaxy candidatemeta.id;meta.mainintRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) of the galaxydegpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) of the galaxydegpos.eq.dec;meta.mainGC-rich'Yes' if the galaxy is GC-rich, 'No' otherwisemeta.codecharNucleated'Yes' if the galaxy is nucleated, 'No' otherwisemeta.codecharDisturbed'Yes' if the galaxy has a disturbed Morphology, 'No' otherwisemeta.codecharMorph[dE dI] Morphological type of the galaxysrc.morph.typechar