J/A+A/697/A114ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/697/A114doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36970114CDSPauli D.Oskinova L.M.Hamann W.-R.Sander A.A.C.Vink J.S.,Bernini-Peron M.Josiek J.Lefever R.R.Sana H.Ramachandran V.2025-09-22T20:01:24Z2025-05-13T07:23:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frob-starswolf-rayet-starsstellar-massesstellar-mass-lossThe winds of massive stars remove a significant fraction of their mass, strongly impacting their evolution. As a star evolves, the rate at which it loses mass changes. In stellar evolution codes, different mass-loss recipes are employed for different evolutionary stages. The choice of the recipes is user-dependent and the conditions for switching between them are poorly defined. Focusing on hot stars, we aim to produce a physically motivated, empirically calibrated mass-loss recipe suitable for a wide range of metallicities. We want to provide a ready-to-use universal recipe that eliminates the need for switching between recipes for hot stars during stellar evolution calculations. We compile a sample of hot stars with reliable stellar and wind parameters in the Galaxy and the Magellanic Clouds. Our sample spans effective temperatures from T~=12kK-100kK and initial masses from Mini~=15M_{sun}_ to 150M_{sun}_. The sample is used to determine the dependence of the mass-loss rate on the basic stellar parameters. We find that independent of evolutionary stage and temperature, the wind mass-loss rate is a function of the electron-scattering Eddington parameter ({GAMMA}e) and metallicity (Z), being in line with expectations of radiation-driven wind theory. Our derived scaling relation provides an adequate ({DELTA}log((dM/dt)/(M_{sun}_/yr))=0.43) and broadly applicable mass-loss recipe for hot stars. The newly derived mass-loss recipe covers nearly the entire parameter space of hot stars with UV radiation-driven winds and eliminates the need for interpolation between mass-loss formulae at different evolutionary stages when applied in stellar evolution models. Examples of stellar evolution calculations using our new recipe reveal that the predictions on the ionizing fluxes and final fates of massive stars, especially at low metallicity, differ significantly from models that use the standard mass-loss rates, impacting our understanding of stellar populations at low metallicity and in the young Universe.2025A&A...697A.114Phttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/697/A114CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/697/A114https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A114https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A114http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/697/A114GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A114/tablea1 (Stellar and wind parameters of OB stars with surface gravities below log(g/(cm/s^2^))<3.8)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true308.17065541.24146640.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A114/tablea2 (Stellar and wind parameters of partially stripped stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true82.5174044-71.132290.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A114/tablea3 (Stellar and wind parameters of WR binaries)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true266.452375-28.83491670.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A114/tablea4 (Stellar and wind parameters of [WR] stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true241.6186669-35.75344170.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/697/A114/tablea5 (Stellar and wind parameters of OB stars with surface gravities above log(g/(cm/s^2^))>= 3.8)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea5?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea5?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/697/A114/tablea5?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true161.1876147-59.56518920.0055555555555555566/1293 3231 3261 3307 6292 10879 11136 12907 14431 14630 14636 14640 14643 14692 14824 15392 15631 15672 15745 15747 19573 20613 20759 22243 22249 22253 22862 23982 28687 28830 29089 29116 29213 29530 30675 30818 31756 32958 33053 33076 33079 33091 33094-33096 33113 33120 33122-33123 33126 33128 33294-33295 33297-33299 33304 33306 33316-33317 33328 33330 37245 37333 37362 37661 37833 37851 37861 37882 37930 37934 37938 38016 38022 38024 38034 39248-39249 39327 39374 39386 39775 39803-39804 39971 41664 42313 42383 42394 42408 42416-42417 42709 42764 42948https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/697/A114?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/697/A114/tablea1Stellar and wind parameters of OB stars with surface gravities below log(g/(cm/s^2^))<3.8recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of star as used in the analysis papermeta.id;meta.maincharTTemperaturekKphys.temperaturefloatlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatloggSurface Gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatvsiniProjected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintMassMass (calculated using log(g) corrected for the centrifugal force)solMassphys.massfloatXHSurface hydrogen mass-fractionphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatlogGammaeElectron-scattering Eddington factorphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatGalaxy[GAL LMC SMC] Host Galaxysrc.class.starGalaxycharlogdM/dtMass loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatRefADS bibcode of the analysis papermeta.bibcharNote[1]? 1 = Mass-loss rate corrected for a clumping factor of D=10meta.noteintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A114/tablea2Stellar and wind parameters of partially stripped starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of star as used in the analysis papermeta.id;meta.maincharTTemperaturekKphys.temperaturefloatlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatloggSurface Gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatvsiniProjected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintMassMass (calculated using log(g) corrected for the centrifugal force)solMassphys.massfloatXHSurface hydrogen mass-fractionphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatlogGammaeElectron-scattering Eddington factorphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatlogdM/dtMass loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatGalaxy[GAL LMC SMC] Host Galaxysrc.class.starGalaxycharRefADS bibcode of the analysis papermeta.bibcharNote[1]? 1 = Mass-loss rate corrected for a clumping factor of D=10meta.noteintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A114/tablea3Stellar and wind parameters of WR binarieslogGammaeElectron-scattering Eddington factorphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatlogdM/dtMass loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatGalaxy[GAL LMC SMC] Host Galaxysrc.class.starGalaxycharRefADS bibcode of the analysis papermeta.bibcharNote[1]? 1 = We assumed an inclination of i=59.7deg to match the spectroscopic mass (corrected for the centrifugal force) of the OB star with the orbital massmeta.noteintnullable_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of star as used in the analysis papermeta.id;meta.maincharTTemperaturekKphys.temperaturefloatlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatMorbOrbital mass (1)solMassphys.massintXHSurface hydrogen mass-fractionphys.mass;arith.ratiofloat_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A114/tablea4Stellar and wind parameters of [WR] starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of star as used in the analysis papermeta.id;meta.maincharTTemperaturekKphys.temperatureintlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatMassMass (1)solMassphys.massfloatXHSurface hydrogen mass-fractionphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatlogGammaeElectron-scattering Eddington factorphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatlogdM/dtMass loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatGalaxy[GAL] Host Galaxysrc.class.starGalaxycharRefADS bibcode of the analysis papermeta.bibchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/697/A114/tablea5Stellar and wind parameters of OB stars with surface gravities above log(g/(cm/s^2^))>= 3.8_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of star as used in the analysis papermeta.id;meta.maincharTTemperaturekKphys.temperaturefloatlogLLuminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatloggSurface Gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatvsiniProjected rotational velocitykm/sphys.veloc.rotatintMassMass (calculated using log(g) corrected for the centrifugal force)solMassphys.massfloatXHSurface hydrogen mass-fractionphys.mass;arith.ratiofloatlogGammaeElectron-scattering Eddington factorphys.luminosity;arith.ratiofloatlogdM/dtMass loss ratelog(solMass.yr**-1)phys.mass.lossfloatGalaxy[GAL LMC SMC] Host Galaxysrc.class.starGalaxycharRefADS bibcode of the analysis papermeta.bibcharNote[1]? 1 = Mass-loss rate corrected for a clumping factor of D=10meta.noteintnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable