J/A+A/693/L4ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/693/L4doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36939004CDSMueller S.Helled R.2025-02-24T20:02:28Z2024-12-26T09:11:01ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsm-starsexoplanetsorbitschemical-abundanceseffective-temperaturestellar-massesDetermination of the bulk metallicity of giant exoplanets is essential in order to constrain their formation and evolution pathways and to compare them to the Solar System. Previous studies inferred an inverse relation between the mass and bulk metallicity. However, these studies used data mostly for planets orbiting FGK stars. The recent discoveries of giant exoplanets around M-dwarf stars present an opportunity to probe whether they follow a mass-metallicity trend that is different from that of their FGK counterparts. Using evolution models, we characterised the interiors of giant exoplanets with reliable mass-radius measurements that orbit FGK and M-dwarf stars. We then inferred the mass-metallicity trends for both populations. We find that the bulk metallicity of giant planets around M stars is overall lower than that of planets around FGK stars. This yields mass-metallicity relations for the two populations with similar slopes but significantly different offsets. The lack of metal-rich giant planets around M dwarfs could explain the difference in the inferred offset and could be a result of different formation conditions. However, there are only 20 successful bulk-metallicity retrievals for the giant planets around M dwarfs, which results in rather large uncertainties. Therefore, it is of great importance to continue detecting these planets with both transit and radial velocities. Additionally, the characterisation of the atmospheres of giant planets around M-stars would further help to constrain their interiors and facilitate investigations of the atmosphere-interior connection. Such investigations will significantly contribute to our understanding of the possible formation pathways of giant planets.2025A&A...693L...4Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/693/L4CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/L4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/L4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/693/L4https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/L4https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/L4http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/693/L4GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/693/L4/tablea1 (Stellar and planetary data)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/L4/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/L4/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/693/L4/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true291.06366670.74611110.0055555555555555566/372 876 1271 1275 2056 2873 3367 3732 3876 4280 4303 4624 5042 5335 6181 6412 7083 7240 7898 9179 9482 9651 10654 11631 11737 11908 12935 13092 13143 14246 14567 14579 14591 14608 14733 14746 14757 14768 14777 14780 14824-14825 14920 14923 15109-15110 15118 15121 15126 15131 15141 15158-15159 15174 15178 15182 15200 15284 16132 16301 16432 17434 18223 18437 18707 18759 20186 20476 20904 21079 21297 21567 21876 22169 23734 23826 24039 24752 25109 25193 25283 25373 25427 26992 28154 29022 30009 30077 30295 30450 30466 31813 32757 33507 33814 33840 33875 34268 34471 34656-34657 34890 34940 34957 36086 36116 36220 36312 37578 37947 38101 38842 39549 40554 40668 43029 43336 43393 43432 43541 44335 44436 45780 46557 47168 47310 47717 48121 48501 49103https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/693/L4?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/693/L4/tablea1Stellar and planetary dataE_plMassUpper uncertainty on plMass (pl_mass_err1)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_plMass[] Lower uncertainty on plMass (pl_mass_err2)(1.898187x10+27kg)stat.errorfloatplRadPlanetary radius (pl_rad)(7.1492x10+7m)phys.size.radius;arith.ratiofloatE_plRadUpper uncertainty on plRad (pl_rad_err1)(7.1492x10+7m)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_plRad[] Lower uncertainty on plRad (pl_rad_err2)(7.1492x10+7m)stat.errorfloatplInstellInstellation flux (pl_instell)mW.m**-2phot.fluxdoubleplPorb? Orbital period (pl_orbital_period)dtime.periodfloatnullableplsmaj? Semi-major axis (pl_semi_major_axis)AUphys.size.smajAxisfloatnullableplecc? Eccentricity (pl_eccentricity)src.orbital.eccentricityfloatnullablestAge? Mean stellar age (st_age)Gyrtime.age;stat.meanfloatnullableE_stAge? Upper uncertainty on stAge (st_age_upper)Gyrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullableSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIndex[1/133] Index (index)meta.idintplMassPlanetery mass (pl_mass)(1.898187x10+27kg)phys.massfloate_stAge? Lower uncertainty on stAge (st_age_lower)Gyrstat.errorfloatnullablestMassStellar mass (st_mass)solMassphys.massfloatE_stMassUpper uncertainty on stMass (st_mass_err1)solMassstat.error;stat.maxfloate_stMass[] Lower uncertainty on stMass (st_mass_err2)solMassstat.errorfloatstTeffStellar effective temperature (st_teff)Kphys.temperature.effectivefloatE_stTeff? Upper uncertainty on stTeff (st_teff_err1)Kstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_stTeff[]? Lower uncertainty on stTeff (st_teff_err2)Kstat.errorfloatnullablest[Fe/H]? Stellar metallicity [Fe/H] (st_met)log(Sun)phys.abund.ZfloatnullableE_st[Fe/H]? Upper uncertainty on st[Fe/H] (st_met_err1)log(Sun)stat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_st[Fe/H][]? Lower uncertainty on st[Fe/H] (st_met_err2)log(Sun)stat.error;phys.abund.FefloatnullableplZbulk? Planetery bulk metal mass fraction (pl_zbulk)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_plZbulk? Uncertainty on plZbulk (pl_zbulk_err)stat.errorfloatnullableplZbulkRel? Relative bulk metal mass fraction (pl_zbulk_rel) (1)phys.abund.Zfloatnullablee_plZbulkRel? Uncertainty on plZbulkRel (pl_zbulk_rel_err)stat.errorfloatnullableplMbulk? Planetary bulk heavy-element mass (pl_mbulk)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_plMbulk? Uncertainty on pl_mbulk (pl_mbulk_err)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errorfloatnullable_RAFrom Simbad and TIC (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEFrom Simbad and TIC (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainplNamePlanetery name (pl_name)meta.id;meta.mainchar