IceCube neutrinos-blazars association J/A+A/690/A111 ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/690/A111 doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36900111 CDS Kouch P.M. Lindfors E. Hovatta T. Liodakis I. Koljonen K.I.I.,Nilsson K. Kiehlmann S. Max-Moerbeck W. Readhead A.C.S. Reeves R.A.,Pearson T.J. Jormanainen J. Fallah Ramazani V. Graham M.J. 2025-02-24T20:01:19Z 2024-10-03T08:16:04Z CDS support team CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France cds-question@unistra.fr active-galactic-nuclei neutrino-astronomy radio-sources The origin of high-energy (HE) astrophysical neutrinos has remained an elusive hot topic in the field of HE astrophysics for the past decade. Apart from a handful of individual associations, the vast majority of HE neutrinos arise from unknown sources. While there are theoretically-motivated candidate populations, such as blazars -- a subclass of AGN with jets pointed towards our line-of-sight -- they have not yet been convincingly linked to HE neutrino production. Here, we perform a spatio-temporal association analysis between a sample of blazars (from CGRaBS catalog) in the radio and optical bands and the most up-to-date IceCube HE neutrino catalog. We find that if the IceCube error regions are enlarged by 1{deg} in quadrature, to account for unknown systematic errors at maximal level, a spatio-temporal correlation between the multiwavelength light curves of the CGRaBS blazars and the IceCube HE neutrinos is hinted at least at a 2.17{sigma} significance level. On the other hand, when the IceCube error regions are taken as their published values, we do not find any significant correlations. A discrepancy in the blazar-neutrino correlation strengths, when using such minimal and enlarged error region scenarios, was also obtained in a recent study by the IceCube collaboration. In our study, this difference arises because several flaring blazars -- coinciding with a neutrino arrival time -- happen to narrowly miss the published 90%-likelihood error region of the nearest neutrino event. For all of the associations driving our most significant correlations, the flaring blazar is much less than 1{deg} away from the published error regions. Therefore, our results indicate that the question of the blazar-neutrino connection is highly sensitive to the reconstruction of the neutrino error regions, whose reliability is expected to improve with the next generation of neutrino observatories. 2024A&A...690A.111K https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/690/A111 Catalog Research IsServedBy TAP VizieR generic service IsServedBy Conesearch service related-to J/ApJS/175/97 : CGRaBS: survey of {gamma}-ray blazar candidates (Healey+, 2008) J/ApJ/851/33 : Multi-wavelength analysis of CGRaBS blazars (Paliya+, 2017) https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.html https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A111 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A111 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/690/A111 https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A111 https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A111 http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/690/A111 GET text/xml+votable https://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tap Cone search capability for table J/A+A/690/A111/neutrino (IceCat1+: high-energy neutrino events used) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A111/neutrino? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A111/neutrino? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A111/neutrino? GET text/xml+votable 180.0 50000 true 29.51 1.23 0.005555555555555556 Cone search capability for table J/A+A/690/A111/blazars (CGRaBS blazars: monitored by OVRO) https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A111/blazars? https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A111/blazars? http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/690/A111/blazars? 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49019 49069 49084 https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/690/A111?format=ascii Radio default J/A+A/690/A111/neutrino IceCat1+: high-energy neutrino events used assoc indicates spatial association in assoc.dat file meta.ref.url char MJD Modified Julian Date (MJD) of the arrival time d time.epoch double E Energy estimate TeV em.energy float Sness Signalness stat.fit.goodness float RAJ2000 Right Ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main e_RAJ2000 Error on Right Ascension (lower value) deg stat.error;pos.eq.ra float E_DEJ2000 Error on Declination (upper value) deg stat.error;stat.max float e_DEJ2000 Error on Declination (lower value) deg stat.error;pos.eq.dec float OmMin Omega in the published error region scenario (2) deg**2 phys.area double OmMax Omega in the enlarged error region scenario (2) deg**2 phys.area double wMin Weight in the published error region scenario (2) stat.weight double wMax Weight in the enlarged error region scenario (2) stat.weight double Ref IceCube paper reference for the event meta.bib char IC IC ID of the high-energy neutrino event (1) meta.id;meta.main char primary recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int E_RAJ2000 Error on Right Ascension (upper value) deg stat.error;stat.max float DEJ2000 Declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main
J/A+A/690/A111/blazars CGRaBS blazars: monitored by OVRO Alias Aliases of the blazar separated by '/' meta.id char recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int Blz CGRaBS blazar name (JHHMM+DDMM) meta.id;meta.main char RAJ2000 Blazar right ascension (J2000) deg pos.eq.ra;meta.main DEJ2000 Blazar declination (J2000) deg pos.eq.dec;meta.main BZCc Blazar 5BZCat type (1) src.class char FGLc Blazar 4FGL class (2) src.class char SimbadName Simbad column added by the CDS meta.id char nullable
J/A+A/690/A111/assoc All blazar-neutrino spatial associations recno Record number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification. meta.record int IC IC ID of spatially-associated neutrino events meta.id;meta.main char Blz CGRaBS name of spatially-associated blazars meta.id char dBN Distance between the neutrino and blazar deg pos.angDistance;phys.particle.neutrino double dMin Distance between the neutrino and published edge (1) deg meta.ref;pos.angDistance;phys.particle.neutrino double dMax Distance between the neutrino and enlarged edge (1) deg pos.angDistance;phys.particle.neutrino double Sr Unweighted mean radio flux density (1) Jy phot.flux.density;em.radio double wSrMin Weighted mean radio flux density (published) (1) Jy phot.flux.density;em.radio double wSrMax Weighted mean radio flux density (enlarged) (1) Jy phot.flux.density;em.radio double So Unweighted mean optical flux density (1) mJy phot.flux.density;em.opt char wSoMin Weighted mean optical flux density (published) (1) mJy phot.flux.density;em.opt char wSoMax Weighted mean optical flux density (enlarged) (1) mJy phot.flux.density;em.opt char wAIrMin Weighted radio activity index (published) (1) spect.index double wAIrMax Weighted radio activity index (enlarged) (1) spect.index double AIo Unweighted optical activity index (1) spect.index char wAIoMin Weighted optical activity index (published) (1) spect.index char wAIoMax Weighted optical activity index (enlarged) (1) spect.index char AIr Unweighted radio activity index (1) spect.index double