J/A+A/687/A84ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/687/A84doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36870084CDSNony T.Galvan-Madrid R.Brouillet N.Suarez G.Louvet F.,De Pree C.G.Juarez-Gama M.Ginsburg A.Immer K.Lin Y.Liu H.B.,Roman-Zuniga C.G.Zhang Q.2025-06-23T20:01:12Z2024-07-01T08:57:08ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frh-ii-regionsprotostarsx-ray-sourcesmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomyWe aim to identify and characterize cores in the high-mass proto-cluster W49, determine their evolutionary stages and measure the associated lifetimes. We built a catalog of 129 cores extracted from an ALMA 1.3mm continuum image at 0.26" (2900au) angular resolution. The association between cores and Hyper/Ultra Compact HII (H/UC HII) regions was established from the analysis of VLA 3.3cm continuum and H30alpha line observations. We also looked for emission of hot molecular cores (HMCs) using the methyl formate doublet at 218.29GHz. We identified 40 cores associated with an H/UC HII region and 19 HMCs over the ALMA mosaic. The 52 cores with an H/UC HII region and/or a HMC are assumed to be high-mass protostellar cores, while the rest of the core population likely consists in prestellar cores and low-mass protostellar cores. We found a good agreement between the two tracers of ionized gas, with 23 common detections and only four cores detected at 3.3cm and not in H30alpha. The spectral indexes from 3.3cm to 1.3mm range from 1, for the youngest cores with partially optically thick free-free emission, to about -0.1, that is optically thin free-free emission obtained for cores likely more evolved. Using as a reference the H/UC HII regions, we found the statistical lifetimes of the HMC and massive protostellar phases in W49N to be about 6x10^4 yr and 1.4x10^5^yr, respectively. We also showed that HMC can co-exist with H/UC HII regions during a short fraction of the core lifetime, about 2x10^4^yr. This indicates a rapid dispersal of the inner molecule envelope once the HC HII is formed.2024A&A...687A..84Nhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/687/A84CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/687/A84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/687/A84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/687/A84https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/687/A84https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/687/A84http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/687/A84GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/687/A84/tablea1 (Catalog of cores detected on the 1.3mm continuum image)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A84/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A84/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A84/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true287.55591259.103611110.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/687/A84/list (List of fits maps)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A84/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A84/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/687/A84/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true287.558159.105870.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/687/A846/306186.019532097317797e-24 1.528037907652962e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/687/A84?format=asciiX-rayMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/687/A84/tablea1Catalog of cores detected on the 1.3mm continuum imagerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeqCore number in the getsf catalogmeta.id;meta.mainintRA_ICRSRight Ascension (ICRS)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainRegionSubregion: (W49-)N, (W49-)SW or out(skirts)obs.fieldcharFWHMaFWHM major axis of the ellipsearcsecphys.angSizefloatFWHMbFWHM minor axis of the ellipsearcsecphys.angSizefloatPAPosition Angle (West to North) of the ellipsedegpos.posAngintFintB6Integrated flux in B6 (1.3mm)mJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatFintBX? Integrated flux in X-band (3.3cm)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.6-12GHzfloatnullableHII[BX RL+] Detection of the H/UCHII region in X band 3.3 cm (BX) and/or in H30alpha (RL)meta.codecharCrossIDIdentification of the associated H/UCHII region in the catalogs of De Pree et al. (1997ApJ...482..307D, 2020AJ....160..234D) [DJW84] W49 AAA in Simbadmeta.id.assoc;obs.fieldcharHMC[*] Association to hot molecular coremeta.codecharJ/A+A/687/A84/listList of fits mapsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintObs.dateObservation datestime.epoch;obsnullablesizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitscharAssocDataAssociated Data web pagemeta.ref.urlchar