J/A+A/686/A25ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/686/A25doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36860025CDSDawson H.Geier S.Heber U.Pelisoli I.Dorsch M.Schaffenroth V.,Reindl N.Culpan R.Pritzkuleit M.Vos J.Soemitro A.A.Roth M.M.,Schneider D.Uzundag M.Vuckovic M.Antunes Amaral L.Istrate A.G.,Justham S.Ostensen R.H.Telting J.H.Djupvik A.A.Raddi R.,Green E.M.Jeffery C.S.Kepler S.O.Munday J.Steinmetz T.Kupfer T.2025-12-30T15:56:51Z2024-05-27T09:25:54ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsubdwarf-starsstellar-spectral-typesphotometryvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxWe present the first volume-limited sample of spectroscopically confirmed hot subluminous stars out to 500pc, defined using the accurate parallax measurements from the Gaia space mission data release 3 (DR3). The sample comprises a total of 397 members, with 305 (~77%) identified as hot subdwarf stars, including 83 newly discovered systems. Of these, we observe that 178 (~58%) are hydrogen-rich sdBs, 65 are sdOBs (~21%), 32 are sdOs (~11%), and 30 are He-sdO/Bs (~10%). Among them, 48 (~16%) exhibit an infrared excess in their spectral energy distribution fits, suggesting a composite binary system. The hot subdwarf population is estimated to be 90% complete, assuming that most missing systems are these composite binaries located within the main sequence (MS) in the Gaia colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). The remaining sources in the sample include cataclysmic variables (CVs), blue horizontal branch stars (BHBs), hot white dwarfs (WDs), and MS stars. We derived the mid-plane density {rho}_0_ and scale height h_z_ for the non-composite hot subdwarf star population using a hyperbolic sechant profile (sech^2^). The best-fit values are {rho}_0_=5.17+/-0.33*10^-7^stars/pc^3^ and h_z_=281+/-62pc. When accounting for the composite-colour hot subdwarfs and their estimated completeness, the mid-plane density increases to {rho}_0_=6.15^+1.16^_-0.53_*10^-7^stars/pc^3^. This corrected space density is an order of magnitude lower than predicted by population synthesis studies, supporting previous observational estimates.2024A&A...686A..25Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/686/A25CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/355 : Gaia DR3 Part 1. Main source (Gaia Collaboration, 2022)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/686/A25https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A25https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A25http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/686/A25GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/686/A25/tablea1 (500pc composite hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR3 ad identified through IR excess in their SED fits, sorted by increasing distance)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true178.9869.84710.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/686/A25/tablea2 (500pc non-composite hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR3, sorted by increasing distance)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true298.6311-28.3390.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/686/A25/tablea3 (Other underluminous objects)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea3?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea3?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/686/A25/tablea3?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true5.89186.94650.0055555555555555566/215 478 550 557 573 638 765 1115 1154 1200 1792 2134 2170 2279 2358 2445 2507 2531 2544 2626 2715 2809 2845 2873 2962 3092 3467 4040 4104 4167 4365 4630 4931 4938 5153 5544 5550 5858 5866 5883 6333 6661 7052 7259 7297 7510 7670 7779 7818 7884 7906 8006 8044 8068 8135 8596 8791 8813 8982 9425 9470 9552 9664 9790 9951 9959 10048 10083 10123 10146 10345 10471 10799 10903 11084 11159 11242 11375 11540 11680 11760 11795 11815 12022 12048 12072 12076 12142 12254 12443 12497 12568 12697 12765 12896 12898 12961 12983 13024 13026 13163 13182 13312 13354 13437 13480 13840 14059 14124 14168 14466 14558 14646 14730 14779 14943 14960 14964 15065 15122 15359 15364 15633 15999 16150 16187 16280 16287 16378 16430 16534 16928 17323 17534 17570 17722 17859 18132 18194 18346 18372 18550 18712 18748 18766 18774 18817 18906 18941 19009 19016 19169 19523 19590 19666 19741 19863 20223 20321 20474 20604 20755 20778 20904 21000 21111 21227 21390 21476 21585 21607 21698 21740 21836 22248 22382 22422 22452 22743 22784 22804 22813 22951 23133 23244 23470 23618 23691 23752 23764 23925 23965 24002 24038 24063 24204 24323 24361 24475 24757 24813 25061 25068 25136 25318 25344 25566 25990 26112 26691 26735 26780 27049 27126 27324 27797 27839 27963 28134 28323 28388 28390 28747 28972-28973 28977 29222 29343 29489 29684 29719 29738 29906 30061-30062 30081 30155 30222 30315 30326 30547 30555 30600 30681 30690 30916 30939 31062 31390 31518 31887 31919 32074 32380 32528 32652 32655 32674 32752 32762 33010 33097 33100 33386 33595 33795 33859 33866 33984 34464 34699 34916 34986 35181 35339 35355 35532 35707 35718 35720 35798 36130 36180 36382 36436 36532 36540 36546 36587 36679 36784 36844 37056 37067 37169 37389 37523 37715 38170 38210 38292 38296 38447 38579 38667 38885 38919 38958 39171 39192 39362 39644 39649 39685 39735 39882 39930 40156 40281 40463 40650 40714 40902 40968 41150 41197 41224 41340 41375 41487 41515 41790 41799 41891 41950 42044 42225 42477 42499 42555 42676 42781 42834 42885 42969 43050 43127 43297 43341 43348 43581 43607 43860 44133 44218 44376 44518 44616 44707 44816 44822 44969 45270 45386 45443 45566 45682 45715 45964 45998 46091 46105 46198 46228 46585 46637 46778 46990 47100 47113 47323 47497 47525 47591 47651 47747 47985-47986 48030 48074 48181 48666 48692 48709 48769 48933 490421.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/686/A25?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/686/A25/tablea1500pc composite hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR3 ad identified through IR excess in their SED fits, sorted by increasing distancerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of objectmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainClassSpectral classificationspect.indexcharn_ClassNote on Class (1)meta.notecharRUWEGaia RUWEstat.errorfloatGmagApparent Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBP-RPGaia BP-RP colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatStilismE(B-V) Extinction (Stilism)magphot.color.excessfloatplxGaia parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxGaia parallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatRefLiterature reference (TW (This Work): Spectroscopically identified or reclassified in this work)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/686/A25/tablea2500pc non-composite hot subdwarf stars from Gaia DR3, sorted by increasing distanceClassSpectral classificationspect.indexcharGmagApparent Gaia G magnitudemagphot.mag;em.optfloatBP-RPGaia BP-RP colour indexmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RfloatStilismE(B-V) Extinction (Stilism)magphot.color.excessfloatE(44-55)Extinction (SED fits)magphot.color.excessfloatplxGaia parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxGaia parallax errormasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatRUWEGaia RUWEstat.errorfloatRefLiterature reference (TW (This Work): Spectroscopically identified or reclassified in this work)meta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of objectmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/686/A25/tablea3Other underluminous objectsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of objectmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainClassSpectral classification (1)spect.indexcharRefLiterature reference (TW (This Work): Spectroscopically identified or reclassified in this work)meta.ref;pos.framecharSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullable