J/A+A/684/A9ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/684/A9doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36840009CDSShan Y.Revilla D.Skrzypinski S.L.Dreizler S.Bejar V.J.S.,Caballero J.A.Cardona Guillen C.Cifuentes C.Fuhrmeister B.,Reiners A.Vanaverbeke S.Ribas I.Quirrenbach A.Amado P.J.,Aceituno F.J.Casanova V.Cortes-Contreras M.Dubois F.Gorrini P.,Henning T.Herrero E.Jeffers S.V.Kemmer J.Lalitha S.Lodieu N.,Logie L.Lopez Gonzalez M.J.Martin-Ruiz S.Montes D.Morales J.C.,Nagel E.Palle E.Perdelwitz V.Perez-Torres M.Pollacco D.Rau S.,Rodriguez-Lopez C.Rodriguez E.Schoefer P.Seifert W.Sota A.,Zapatero Osorio M.R.Zechmeister M.2025-10-13T20:01:12Z2024-03-28T14:12:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsphotometryvisible-astronomyKnowledge of rotation periods (Prot) is important for understanding the magnetic activity and angular momentum evolution of late-type stars, as well as for evaluating radial velocity signals of potential exoplanets and identifying false positives.We measured photometric and spectroscopic Prot for a large sample of nearby bright M dwarfs with spectral types from M0 to M9, as part of our continual effort to fully characterize the Guaranteed Time Observation programme stars of the CARMENES survey. We analyse light curves chiefly from the SuperWASP survey and TESS data.We supplemented these with our own follow-up photometric monitoring programme from ground-based facilities, as well as spectroscopic indicator time series derived directly from the CARMENES spectra. From our own analysis, we determined Prot for 129 stars. Combined with the literature, we tabulated Prot for 261 stars, or 75% of our sample. We developed a framework to evaluate the plausibility of all periods available for this sample by comparing them with activity signatures and checking for consistency between multiple measurements. We find that 166 of these stars have independent evidence that confirmed their Prot. There are inconsistencies in 27 periods, which we classify as debated. A further 68 periods are identified as provisional detections that could benefit from independent verification. We provide an empirical relation for the Prot uncertainty as a function of the Prot value, based on the dispersion of the measurements. We show that published formal errors seem to be often underestimated for periods longwards of 10d. We examined rotation-activity relations with emission in X-rays, H, CaII H&K, and surface magnetic field strengths for this sample of M dwarfs. We find overall agreement with previous works, as well as tentative differences in the partially versus fully convective subsamples. We show Prot as a function of stellar mass, age, and galactic kinematics. With the notable exception of three transiting planet systems and TZ Ari, all known planet hosts in this sample have Prot>~15d. Inherent challenges in determining accurate and precise stellar Prot means independent verification is important, especially for inactive M dwarfs. Evidence of potential mass dependence in activity-rotation relations would suggest physical changes in the magnetic dynamo that warrants further investigation using larger samples of M dwarfs on both sides of the fully convective boundary. Important limitations need to be overcome before the radial velocity technique can be routinely used to detect and study planets around young and active stars.2024A&A...684A...9Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/684/A9CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/577/A128 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs. I (Alonso-Floriano+, 2015)J/A+A/597/A47 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs, II (Cortes-Contreras+ 2017)J/A+A/614/A76 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs. III (Jeffers+, 2018)J/A+A/621/A126 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs. IV (Diez Alonso+ 2019)J/A+A/642/A115 : CARMENES input cat. of M dwarfs. V (Cifuentes+, 2020)J/A+A/652/A116 : CARMENES time-resolved CaII H&K catalog (Perdelwitz+, 2021)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/684/A9https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A9https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A9http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/684/A9GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/684/A9/tablec1 (Properties and best Prots for 348 M dwarfs)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A9/tablec1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A9/tablec1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/684/A9/tablec1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.295371745.78656690.0055555555555555566/22 131 250 497 546 624 725 778 811 1033 1357 1628 1672 1822 1875 1938 2190 2515 2545 2681 2737 2747 2922 3031 3266 3345 3374 3658 3682 3715 3791 4033 4145 4366 4444 4518 4595 4867 5000 5009 5041 5207 5241 5343 5420 5488 5534 5590 5849 6384 6552 6672 6676 6809 6894 6980 7003 7103 7181 7262 7264 7395 7428 7471 7510 7605 7611 7625 7775 7837 7921 7937 7940 7980 8023 8032 8123 8163 8208 8240 8281 8331 8394 8562 8627 8733 8843 8915 9188 9471 9529 9578 9597 10037 10149 10225 10278 10448 10464-10465 10694-10695 10901 10999 11044 11177 11255 11403 11671 11962 12128 12140 12184 12191 12621 12732 12865 12999 13085 13427 13451 13567 13688 13743 13875 13912 14277 14395 14515 14709 14781 14850 14858 14985 14993-14994 15052 15078 15311 15346 15355 15431 15548 15598 15602 15635 15763 15792 15960 16041 16754 16758 17020 17271 17302 17348 17358 17412 17606 17870 18195 18440 18496 18553 18666 18726 18761 18789 18942 19050 19064 19131 19306 19352 19466 19516 19879 20023 20100 20109 20311 20459 20472 20795 20839 20896 21051 21151 21171 21427 21747-21748 21953 21969 21986 22014 22222 22277 22289 22309 22626 22645 22661 22709 22807 22904 22942 23014 23094 23363 23443 23453 23564 23718 23731 23735 23743 23867 23910 23997 24213 24227 24231 24239 24356 24977 24995 25009 25363 25388 25512 25528 25849 25989 26063 26327 26487 26538 26560 26563 26583 26699 26706 26731 26757 26772 26821 26972 27201 27289 27320 27392 27419 27459 27462 27730 27734 27762 27787 27820 27912 28223 28341 28343 28548 28646 28955 29146 29170 29458 29684 30011 30345 30429 30455 30490 30505 30613 30771 30833 30893 31014 31019 31191 31229 31642 31686 31767 31781 31803 31811 32033 32076 32093 32115 32329 32335 32392 32458 32491 32541 32753 36732 40250 40275 40359 40386 40435-40436 40505 40513 40610 40623 40941 44378 44518 44541 44696 44728 44921 44936-44937 44967 48274 48485 48500 48801 48906 48935 48958 491017.952274030004205e-20 3.852589004194616e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/684/A9?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/684/A9/tablec1Properties and best Prots for 348 M dwarfsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES identifier (JHHMMm+DDdA)meta.id;meta.maincharSpTypeSpectral type (1)src.spTypecharPbest? Best rotation period (Prot)dtime.period;meta.modelledfloatnullabler_PbestReference for Pbest (2)meta.ref;pos.framecharSPD[SPD] Prot secure flag (G1)meta.codecharVmag? V-magnitude (4)magphot.mag;em.opt.VfloatnullableKmagKs-magnitude (4)magphot.mag;em.IR.KfloatMstarStellar mass in solar unitssolMassphys.massfloatlogtaulog(tau_conv/d): convective overturn timelog(d)time.epochfloatlogRo? log(Rossby number)stat.paramfloatnullablel_vsini[=<] vsini flag ('=': measured,'<': upper limit) (5)meta.code.error;phys.veloc.rotatcharvsini? vsini: projected rotational velocity (5)km/sphys.veloc.rotatfloatnullablee_vsini? Error in vsinikm/sstat.error;phys.veloc.rotatfloatnullabler_vsinivsini reference (5)meta.refcharRstar? Stellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusfloatnullablePmax? Upper limit in Prot from vsini and Rstardtime.periodfloatnullablee_Pmax? 1-sig upper limit in Pmaxdstat.errorfloatnullablepEWHa? Halpha pseudo-equivalent width in Angstroems (6)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatnullableLstarStellar luminosity (in units of 0.01 Lsun)0.01solLumphys.luminosityfloatlogLX? log_10_(LX/Lbol): normalised X-ray luminosity (7)phys.luminosity;em.X-rayfloatnullablee_logLX? Error in logLX (7)stat.errorfloatnullablelogLHa? log_10_(LHa/Lbol): normalized Halpha luminosity (8)phys.luminosity;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_logLHa? Error in logLHa (8)stat.errorfloatnullabler_logHaLHalpha reference (8)meta.ref;pos.framecharlogRhk? log_10_(R'hk): normalized Ca II H&K luminosityphot.flux;arith.ratiofloatnullablee_logRhk? Error in logRhkstat.errorfloatnullablelogB? log_10_(B): average surface magnetic field (9)log(G)phys.magField;stat.meanfloatnullablee_logB? Error in logB (9)log(G)stat.errorfloatnullableSBSpectroscopic binary flag (10)meta.code.errorcharAgeAge (800 Myr is upper limit) (11)Myrtime.ageintKinKinematic disk membership (12)meta.code.memberchar_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/684/A9/tablec2All rotation periods considered for 348 M dwarfsP1? Rotation period (Prot) 1dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P1? Error on Prot 1dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P1Reference 1, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharP2? Prot 2dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P2? Error on Prot 2dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P2Reference 2, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharP3? Prot 3dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P3? Error on Prot 3dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P3Reference 3, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharP4? Prot 4dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P4? Error on Prot 4dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P4Reference 4, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharP5? Prot 5dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P5? Error on Prot 5dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P5Reference 5, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharP6? Prot 6dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P6? Error on Prot 6dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P6Reference 6, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharP7? Prot 7dtime.periodfloatnullablee_P7? Error on Prot 7dstat.errorfloatnullabler_P7Reference 7, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES identifier (JHHMMm+DDdA)meta.id;meta.maincharPbest? Best rotation period (Prot)dtime.period;meta.modelledfloatnullabler_PbestReference for Pbest, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharSPD[SPD] Prot secure flag (G1)meta.codecharPplanet? Prot from planet discovery/analysis paperdtime.periodfloatnullabler_PplanetReference for planet paper, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharPLaf21? Prot from Lafarga et al. (2021A&A...652A..28L, Cat. J/A+A/652/A28)dtime.periodfloatnullablePop? Prot from other photometry facilitiesdtime.periodfloatnullableFacilityName of photometry facility and passbandmeta.id;instrcharPTESS? Prot from TESS light curvesdtime.periodfloatnullablemethodTESSTESS light curve version (PDCSAP, SAP, FFI)meta.notecharPSWASP? Prot from SuperWASP light curvesdtime.periodfloatnullableu_PSWASP[U] SuperWASP uncertainty flagmeta.code.errorcharPSpect? Prot from spectroscopic indicator time seriesdtime.periodfloatnullableJ/A+A/684/A9/tablec4Planet information for 63 planet hosts in samplerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES identifier (JHHMMm+DDdA)meta.id;meta.maincharMstarStellar mass in solar unitssolMassphys.massfloatProt? Rotation perioddtime.periodfloatnullableSPD[SPD] Prot secure flag (G1)meta.codecharTransFlag[Y] Transiting system flagmeta.codecharPorb1Orbital period planet 1dtime.perioddoublempsini1? mp*sini of planet 1 in earth massesMephys.massfloatnullableRef1Reference for planet 1meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb2? Orbital period planet 2dtime.perioddoublenullablempsini2? mp*sini of planet 2Mephys.massfloatnullableRef2Reference for planet 2meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb3? Orbital period planet 3dtime.periodfloatnullablempsini3? mp*sini of planet 3Mephys.massfloatnullableRef3Reference for planet 3meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb4? Orbital period planet 4dtime.periodfloatnullablempsini4? mass mp*sini of planet 4Mephys.massfloatnullableRef4Reference for planet 4meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb5? Orbital period planet 5dtime.periodfloatnullablempsini5? mp*sini of planet 5Mephys.massfloatnullableRef5Reference for planet 5meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb6? Orbital period planet 6dtime.periodfloatnullablempsini6? mp*sini of planet 6Mephys.massfloatnullableRef6Reference for planet 6meta.ref;pos.framecharPorb7? Orbital period planet 7dtime.periodfloatnullablempsini7? mp*sini of planet 7Mephys.massfloatnullableRef7Reference for planet 7meta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/684/A9/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar