J/A+A/681/A57ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/681/A57CDSBuldgen G.Noels A.Baturin V.A.Oreshina A.V.Ayukov S.V.,Scuflaire R.Amarsi A.M.Grevesse N.2024-01-11T11:31:20Z2024-01-11T12:30:49ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frthe-sunasteroseismologyastronomical-modelsThe metal mass fraction of the Sun Z is a key constraint in solar modelling, but its value is still under debate. The standard solar chemical composition of the late 2000s have the ratio of metals to hydrogen Z/X=0.0181, with a small increase to 0.0187 in 2021, as inferred from 3D non-LTE spectroscopy. However, more recent work on a horizontally and temporally averaged <3D> model claim Z/X=0.0225, consistent with the high values of twenty-five years ago based on 1D LTE spectroscopy. We aim to determine a precise and robust value of the solar metal mass fraction from helioseismic inversions, thus providing independent constraints from spectroscopic methods. We devise a detailed seismic reconstruction technique of the solar envelope, combining multiple inversions and equations of state to accurately and precisely determine the metal mass fraction value. Results. We show that a low value of the solar metal mass fraction corresponding to Z/X=0.0187 is favoured by helioseismic constraints and that a higher metal mass fraction corresponding to Z/X=0.0225 are strongly rejected by helioseismic data. We conclude that direct measurement of the metal mass fraction in the solar envelope favours a low metallicity, in line with the 3D non-LTE spectroscopic determination of 2021. A high metal mass fraction as measured using a <3D> model in 2022 is disfavoured by helioseismology for all modern equations of state used to model the solar convective envelope.2024A&A...681A..57Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/681/A57CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/681/A57https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A57https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A57http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/681/A57GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/681/A57/dataset1Frequencies of solar global acoustic modes (Set 1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintl[0/250] Spherical degree of the oscillation modedegstat.fit.paramintnRadial order of the oscillation modestat.fit.paramintFreqFrequency of global solar acoustic oscillation modeuHzem.freqdoublee_FreqOne sigma uncertainty of the frequency of the oscillation modeuHzstat.errordoubleJ/A+A/681/A57/dataset2Frequencies of solar global acoustic modes (Set 2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintl[0/250] Spherical degree of the oscillation modedegstat.fit.paramintnRadial order of the oscillation modestat.fit.paramintFreqFrequency of global solar acoustic oscillation modeuHzem.freqdoublee_FreqOne sigma uncertainty of the frequency of the oscillation modeuHzstat.errordouble