J/A+A/679/A109ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/679/A109doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36790109CDSCarretero-Castrillo M.Ribo M.Paredes J.M.2025-05-06T20:01:01Z2023-11-29T09:37:00ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxybe-starshigh-velocity-starsproper-motionsstellar-distanceA relevant fraction of massive stars are runaway stars. These stars move with a significant peculiar velocity with respect to their environment. We aim to discover and characterize the population of massive and early-type runaway stars in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs using Gaia DR3 astrometric data. We present a two-dimensional method in the velocity space to discover runaway stars as those that deviate significantly from the velocity distribution of field stars. Field stars are considered to follow the Galactic rotation curve. We found 106 O runaway stars, 42 of which were not previously identified as runaways. We found 69 Be runaway stars, 47 of which were not previously identified as runaways. The dispersion of runaway stars is a few times higher in Z and b than that of field stars. This is explained by the ejections they underwent when they became runaways. The percentage of runaways is 25.4% for O-type stars, and it is 5.2% for Be-type stars. In addition, we conducted simulations in three dimensions for our catalogs. They revealed that these percentages could increase to ~30% and ~6.7%, respectively. Our runaway stars include seven X-ray binaries and one gamma-ray binary. Moreover, we obtain velocity dispersions of ~5km/s perpendicular to the Galactic plane for O- and Be-type field stars. These values increase in the Galactic plane to ~7km/s for O-type stars due to uncertainties and to ~9km/s for Be-type stars due to Galactic velocity diffusion. The excellent Gaia DR3 astrometric data have allowed us to identify a significant number of O-type and Be-type runaways in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs. The higher percentages and higher velocities found for O-type compared to Be-type runaways underline that the dynamical ejection scenario is more likely that the binary supernova scenario. Our results open the door to identifying new high-energy systems among our runaways by conducting detailed studies.2023A&A...679A.109Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/679/A109CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toIII/274 : Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS) (Sota+, 2014)http://gosc.cab.inta-csic.es : GOSC Home Pagehttp://basebe.obspm.fr : BeSS Home Pagehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/679/A109https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/679/A109http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/679/A109https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/679/A109https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/679/A109http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/679/A109GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/679/A109/gosc (Data of the runaway stars found in the GOSC-Gaia DR3 catalog (table 3))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A109/gosc?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A109/gosc?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A109/gosc?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true276.56276667-14.848438890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/679/A109/bess (Data of the runaway stars found in the BeSS-Gaia DR3 catalog (table 4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A109/bess?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A109/bess?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/679/A109/bess?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true134.20102083-30.183841670.0055555555555555566/267 1355 1781 2575 2937 3037 3051 3058 3160 3214 3231 3245 3249 3256 3315 3585 3600 3622 3632 3660-3661 3683 3716 3724 7291 8804 9475 12415 12827 12943 12981 13000 13142 13234 13255 13281 13934 13999 14214 14236-14237 14283 14311 14359 14456-14457 14560 14598 14605 14621 14632-14633 14643-14644 14646 14654 14658 14676 14697 14706 14712 14740-14741 14743 14745 14793 15367 16207 20877 21511 21557 21564 21655 22240 22258 23374 23774 23962 24179 24390 28916 29084 29098 29158 29162 29219 29408 29467 29489 29513 29517 29534 29537 29600 30094 30216 30227 30242 31056 31058 32546 34878 36009 36282 37212 37248 37263 37333-37334 37339-37340 37343 37641 37723 37750 37833 37870 37926 37931 37946 37948 38020 38026 38074 38236 38538 38728 38831 39238 39248 39410 39558 39804 39937 39971 40085 41103 41274 41359 41521 41610 41685 41702 41707 41715 41758 41787 41903 41936 42015 42186 42195 42263 42287 42303 42314 42390 42444 42464 42481 42764 43041 43140 43144 43333 43637 47009 47266 477041.9867573869263685e-19 3.916500758235022e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/679/A109?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/679/A109/goscData of the runaway stars found in the GOSC-Gaia DR3 catalog (table 3)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.decindexedGOSCMost common name of the star from the GOSC catalogmeta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source identifiermeta.idRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia DR3pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia DR3pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitude from Gaia DR3degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude from Gaia DR3degpos.galactic.latdoubleDistDistance from the Sun computed in this workkpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_DistStandard error of distance from the Sun computed in this workkpcstat.errorfloatGmagG-band mean magnitude from Gaia DR3magphot.mag;em.optfloatSpTypeGSpectral Type from the GOSC catalogsrc.spTypecharLClassGLuminosity classification from the GOSC catalogphys.luminositycharpmRA*Proper motion in right ascension direction from Gaia DR3, pnRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA*Standard error of proper motion in right ascension direction from Gaia DR3mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declination direction from Gaia DR3mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEStandard error of proper motion in declination direction from Gaia DR3mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatpml*Proper motion in Galactic longitude direction computed in this work, pml*cosbmas/yrpos.pmfloate_pml*Standard error of proper motion in Galactic longitude direction computed in this workmas/yrstat.errorfloatpmbProper motion in Galactic latitude direction computed in this workmas/yrpos.pmfloate_pmbStandard error of proper motion in Galactic latitude direction computed in this workmas/yrstat.errorfloatVTANTangential velocity (positive toward increasing l) computed in this workkm/sphys.veloc.transversefloate_VTANStandard error of tangential velocity (positive toward increasing l) computed in this workkm/sstat.errorfloatWRSRGalactic velocity W (positive toward the NGP) computed in this workkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.z;meta.modelledfloate_WRSRStandard error of Galactic velocity W (positive toward the NGP) computed in this workkm/sstat.errorfloatVpec2DPeculiar 2-dimensional (2D) velocity computed in this workkm/sphys.velocfloate_Vpec2DStandard error of peculiar 2D velocity computed in this workkm/sstat.errorfloatENormalized significance of the runaway nature of the star computed in this workstat.fit.goodnessfloatRunRefRunaway reference in case the star had already been reported as runaway (G1)meta.bibcharCommentsAdditional information (G2)meta.codecharCl/NebYoung cluster/nebula membership (1)meta.id.parentcharAssocAssociation membership (2)meta.id.parentcharJ/A+A/679/A109/bessData of the runaway stars found in the BeSS-Gaia DR3 catalog (table 4)RA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia DR3pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0 from Gaia DR3pos.eq.dec;meta.mainGLONGalactic longitude from Gaia DR3degpos.galactic.lonGLATGalactic latitude from Gaia DR3degpos.galactic.latdoubleDistDistance from the Sun computed in this workkpcpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloate_DistStandard error of distance from the Sun computed in this workkpcstat.errorfloatGmagG-band mean magnitude from Gaia DR3magphot.mag;em.optfloatSpTypeBSpectral Type from the BeSS databasesrc.spTypechar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.raindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.decindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBeSSMost common name of the star from the BeSS catalogmeta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR3Gaia DR3 source identifiermeta.idLClassBLuminosity classification from the BeSS databasephys.luminositycharpmRA*Proper motion in right ascension direction from Gaia DR3, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA*Standard error of proper motion in right ascension direction from Gaia DR3mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declination direction from Gaia DR3mas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEStandard error of proper motion in declination direction from Gaia DR3mas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatpml*Proper motion in Galactic longitude direction computed in this work, pml*cosbmas/yrpos.pmfloate_pml*Standard error of proper motion in Galactic longitude direction computed in this workmas/yrstat.errorfloatpmbProper motion in Galactic latitude direction computed in this workmas/yrpos.pmfloate_pmbStandard error of proper motion in Galactic latitude direction computed in this workmas/yrstat.errorfloatVTANTangential velocity (positive toward increasing l) computed in this workkm/sphys.veloc.transversefloate_VTANStandard error of tangential velocity (positive toward increasing l) computed in this workkm/sstat.errorfloatWRSRGalactic velocity W (positive toward the NGP) computed in this workkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.z;meta.modelledfloate_WRSRStandard error of Galactic velocity W (positive toward the NGP) computed in this workkm/sstat.errorfloatVpec2DPeculiar 2-dimensional (2D) velocity computed in this workkm/sphys.velocfloate_Vpec2DStandard error of peculiar 2D velocity computed in this workkm/sstat.errorfloatENormalized significance of the runaway nature of the star computed in this workstat.fit.goodnessfloatRunRefRunaway reference in case the star had already been reported as runaway (G1)meta.bibcharCommentsAdditional information (G2)meta.codechar