J/A+A/674/A61ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/674/A61doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36740061CDSLafarga M.Ribas I.Zechmeister M.Reiners A.Lopez-Gallifa A.,Montes D.Quirrenbach A.Amado P.J.Caballero J.A.Azzaro M.,Bejar V.J.S.Hatzes A.P.Henning T.Jeffers S.V.Kaminski A.,Kurster M.Schofer P.Schweitzer A.Tabernero H.M.Zapatero Osorio M.R.2024-11-06T20:04:51Z2023-06-01T13:45:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frlate-type-starsm-starsspectroscopyRadial velocities (RVs) measured from high-resolution stellar spectra are routinely used to detect and characterise orbiting exoplanet companions. The different lines present in stellar spectra are created by several species, which are non-uniformly affected by stellar variability features such as spots or faculae. Stellar variability distorts the shape of the spectral absorption lines from which precise RVs are measured, posing one of the main problems in the study of exoplanets. In this work we aim to study how the spectral lines present in M dwarfs are independently impacted by stellar activity. We use CARMENES optical spectra of six active early- and mid-type M dwarfs to compute line-by-line RVs and study their correlation with several well-studied proxies of stellar activity. We are able to classify spectral lines based on their sensitivity to activity in five M dwarfs displaying high levels of stellar activity. We further use this line classification to compute RVs with activity-sensitive lines and less sensitive lines, enhancing or mitigating stellar activity effects in the RV time series. For specific sets of the least activity-sensitive lines, the RV scatter decreases by ~2 to 5 times the initial one, depending on the star. Finally, we compare these lines in the different stars analysed, finding the sensitivity to activity to vary from star to star. Despite the high density of lines and blends present in M dwarf stellar spectra, we find that a line-by-line approach is able to deliver precise RVs. Line-by-line RVs are also sensitive to stellar activity effects, and allow for an accurate selection of activity- insensitive lines to mitigate activity effects in RV. However, we find stellar activity effects to vary in the same insensitive lines from star to star.2023A&A...674A..61Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/674/A61CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/636/A36 : CARMENES M dwarfs absolute radial velocities (Lafarga+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A61https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A61http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/674/A61https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A61https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A61http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/674/A61GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/674/A61/stars (List of studied stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A61/stars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A61/stars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/674/A61/stars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true75.4860830561.1452502780.0055555555555555566/4444 8627 13743 22289 22942 25512https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/674/A61?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/674/A61/starsList of studied starsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainFileNameFile with line datameta.id;meta.filecharJ/A+A/674/A61/j05019Line data for J05019+011recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdacLine central wavelength in templateAem.wl.central;spect.linedoublesRVLine RV weighted standard deviationm/sstat.stdev;spect.linedoubleRccfbis? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF BIS (1)stat.correlationdoublenullableRccfrvnzp? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF RVstat.correlationdoublenullableRservalcrx? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and SERVAL CRX (2)stat.correlationdoublenullableJ/A+A/674/A61/j07446Line data for J07446+035recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdacLine central wavelength in templateAem.wl.central;spect.linedoublesRVLine RV weighted standard deviationm/sstat.stdev;spect.linedoubleRccfbis? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF BIS (1)stat.correlationdoublenullableRccfrvnzp? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF RVstat.correlationdoublenullableRservalcrx? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and SERVAL CRX (2)stat.correlationdoublenullableJ/A+A/674/A61/j10196Line data for J10196+198recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdacLine central wavelength in templateAem.wl.central;spect.linedoublesRVLine RV weighted standard deviationm/sstat.stdev;spect.linedoubleRccfbis? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF BIS (1)stat.correlationdoublenullableRccfrvnzp? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF RVstat.correlationdoublenullableRservalcrx? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and SERVAL CRX (2)stat.correlationdoublenullableJ/A+A/674/A61/j11201Line data for J11201-104recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdacLine central wavelength in templateAem.wl.central;spect.linedoublesRVLine RV weighted standard deviationm/sstat.stdev;spect.linedoubleRccfbis? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF BIS (1)stat.correlationdoublenullableRccfrvnzp? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF RVstat.correlationdoublenullableRservalcrx? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and SERVAL CRX (2)stat.correlationdoublenullableJ/A+A/674/A61/j15218Line data for J15218+209recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdacLine central wavelength in templateAem.wl.central;spect.linedoublesRVLine RV weighted standard deviationm/sstat.stdev;spect.linedoubleRccfbis? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF BIS (1)stat.correlationdoublenullableRccfrvnzp? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF RVstat.correlationdoublenullableRservalcrx? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and SERVAL CRX (2)stat.correlationdoublenullableJ/A+A/674/A61/j22468Line data for J22468+443lambdacLine central wavelength in templateAem.wl.central;spect.linedoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintsRVLine RV weighted standard deviationm/sstat.stdev;spect.linedoubleRccfbis? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF BIS (1)stat.correlationdoublenullableRccfrvnzp? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and CCF RVstat.correlationdoublenullableRservalcrx? Pearson's correlation coefficient R between line RV and SERVAL CRX (2)stat.correlationdoublenullable