J/A+A/673/A87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/673/A87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36730087CDSLisenfeld U.Ogle P.M.Appleton P.N.Jarrett T.H.Moncada-Cuadri B.M.2024-09-04T20:01:19Z2023-05-10T07:45:44ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frgalaxiesinfrared-sourcesinterstellar-mediumco-line-emissionAt the highest stellar masses (log(M*)>~11.5M_{sun}_), only a small fraction of galaxies are disk-like and actively star-forming objects. These so-called `super spirals' are ideal objects to better understand how galaxy evolution proceeds and to extend our knowledge about the relation between stars and gas to a higher stellar mass regime. We present new CO(1-0) data for a sample of 46 super spirals and for 18 slightly lower-mass (log((M*)>11.0M_{sun}_) galaxies with broad HI lines -- HI fast-rotators (HI-FRs). We analyze their molecular gas mass, derived from CO(1-0), in relation to their star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass, and compare the results to values and scaling relations derived from lower-mass galaxies. We confirm that super spirals follow the same star-forming main sequence (SFMS) as lower-mass galaxies. We find that they possess abundant molecular gas (mean redshift-corrected molecular gas mass fraction (log(f_mol,zcorr_)=-1.36+/-0.02), which lies above the extrapolation of the scaling relation with stellar mass derived from lower-mass galaxies, but within the relation between f_mol_ and the distance to the SFMS. The molecular gas depletion time, {tau}_dep_=M_mol_/SFR, is higher than for lower-mass galaxies on the SFMS ({tau}_dep_=9.30+/-0.03, compared to {tau}_dep_=9.00+/-0.02 for the comparison sample) and seems to continue an increasing trend with stellar mass. HI-FR galaxies have an atomic-to-molecular gas mass ratio that is in agreement with that of lower-mass galaxies, indicating that the conversion from the atomic to molecular gas proceeds in a similar way. We conclude that the availability of molecular gas is a crucial factor to enable star formation to continue and that, if gas is present, quenching is not a necessary destiny for high-mass galaxies. The difference in gas depletion time suggests that the properties of the molecular gas at high stellar masses are less favorable for star formation.2023A&A...673A..87Lhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/673/A87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toVII/233 : The 2MASS Extended sources (IPAC/UMass, 2003-2006)J/ApJS/243/14 : The Ogle et al. Galaxy Catalog (OGC) (Ogle+, 2019)J/ApJS/233/22 : xCOLD GASS catalog (Saintonge+, 2017)J/MNRAS/476/875 : xGASS catalog (Catinella+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/673/A87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/673/A87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/673/A87/table1 (Velocity-integrated CO intensities (central pointings))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A87/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A87/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/673/A87/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true228.94216672.59902780.0055555555555555566/4105 4135 4182 4189 4201 4205 4257 4267 4343 4500 4511 4556 4584 4586 4593 4767 4784 4841 4845 4961 4990 4992 5139 5230 5285 5304 5336 5597 5705 5812 6242 8219-8220 8254 8267 8477 8750 8817 8920 8950-8951 9098 9354 9358 9996 10262 10419 10446 10531 10546 10969 11147 18295 19683 19736 20386 22007 22399 23147 23209 25959 26014 26448 26467 26491 26591 26605 27051 27336 27407 27460 27472 27504 27513 27542 27562 27719 27740 27828 27912 27924 28101 28177 28186 28238 28337 28423 31418 32430 49094https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/673/A87?format=asciiInfraredRadiodefaultJ/A+A/673/A87/table1Velocity-integrated CO intensities (central pointings)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharrmsRoot-mean-square noise of the CO(1-0) spectrummKstat.snr;instr.det.noisefloatl_ICO10Upper limit flag on ICO10meta.code.errorcharICO10Velocity integrated intensity of the CO(1-0) spectrumK.km/sspect.dopplerVeloc.radiofloate_ICO10? Error of the velocity integrated intensity of the CO(1-0) spectrumK.km/sstat.errorfloatnullabledetICO10[0/2] Detetction code for CO(1-0) (1)meta.codeintdVCO10Zero-level line width of the CO(1-0) spectrumkm/sspect.line.widthint_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableJ/A+A/673/A87/table2Extrapolated molecular gas massrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharzRedshift, from SDSS DR9 or SR13src.redshiftfloatDlumLuminosity distanceMpcpos.distanceintl_logMmolUpper limit flag on logMmolmeta.code.errorcharlogMmolDecimal logarithm of the extrapolated molecular gas masslog(solMass)phys.massfloate_logMmol? Error of the decimal logarithm of the extrapolated molecular gas masslog(solMass)stat.errorfloatnullablefaperAperture correctioninstr.paramfloatJ/A+A/673/A87/table4WISE fluxes and classification (corrected version, 24-Oct-2023)CodeType[SS HI AGN] Code for galaxy type (1)meta.code.classcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharFW1obsObserved flux in WISE band 1mJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_FW1obsError of observed flux in WISE band 1mJystat.errorfloatFW1kcorrK-corrected flux in WISE band 1mJyphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloate_FW1kcorrError of k-corrected flux in WISE band 1mJystat.errorfloatFW2obsObserved flux in WISE band 2mJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_FW2obsError of observed flux in WISE band 2mJystat.errorfloatFW2kcorrK-corrected flux in WISE band 2mJyphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloate_FW2kcorrError of k-corrected flux in WISE band 2mJystat.errorfloatFW3obsObserved flux in WISE band 3mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_FW3obsError of observed flux in WISE band 3mJystat.errorfloatFW3kcorrK-corrected flux in WISE band 3mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloate_FW3kcorrError of k-corrected flux in WISE band 3mJystat.errorfloatFW4obsObserved flux in WISE band 4mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_FW4obsError of observed flux in WISE band 4mJystat.errorfloatFW4kcorrK-corrected flux in WISE band 4mJyphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloate_FW4kcorrError of k-corrected flux in WISE band 4mJystat.errorfloatJ/A+A/673/A87/table5Measured GALEX NUV flux and photometric errors, SFR and stellar massrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of the galaxymeta.id;meta.maincharFNUV? NUV fluxuJyphot.flux;em.UVfloatnullablee_FNUV? Error of NUV fluxuJystat.errorfloatnullablel_logSFRUpper limit flag on logSFRmeta.code.error;phys.SFRcharlogSFRDecimal logarithm the star formation rate (SFR)log(solMass.yr**-1)phys.SFRfloatlogMstarDecimal logarithm the stellar masslog(solMass)phys.massfloat