J/A+A/670/A22ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/670/A22doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36700022CDSFernandez-Ontiveros J.A.Lopez-Lopez X.Prieto A.2024-11-28T20:02:06Z2023-01-31T08:24:41ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fraccretionactive-galactic-nucleigalaxiesinfrared-sourcesspectral-energy-distributioninterstellar-mediumThe disappearance of the accretion disc in low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (LLAGN) leaves behind a faint optical nuclear continuum whose nature has been largely debated, mainly due to serious observational limitations in the IR to UV range. We combine multi-wavelength sub-arcsecond resolution observations -able to isolate the genuine nuclear continuum- with nebular lines in the mid-IR, to indirectly probe the shape of the extreme UV continuum. We found that 8 of the nearest prototype LLAGN are compatible with pure compact jet emission (self-absorbed synchrotron plus the associated self-Compton component) over more than ten orders of magnitude in frequency. When compared with typical radio galaxies, the LLAGN continua show two peculiarities: i) a very steep spectral slope in the IR-to-optical/UV range (-3.7<a0<-1.3; F_nu_~nu^a0^); and ii) a very high turnover frequency (0.2-30THz; 1.3mm-10-micron). These attributes can be explained if the synchrotron continuum is mainly dominated by thermalised particles at the jet base or corona with considerably high temperatures, whereas only a small fraction of the energy (~20%) would be distributed along the high-energy power-law tail of accelerated particles. On the other hand, the nebular gas excitation in LLAGN is in agreement with photo-ionisation from inverse Compton radiation (ax~-0.7), which would dominate the nuclear continuum shortwards of ~3000{AA}. Our results suggest that the LLAGN continuum can be dominated at all wavelengths by undeveloped jets, powered by a thermalised particle distribution, similar to the case of compact jets in quiescent black hole X-ray binaries. This has important implications in the context of galaxy evolution, since LLAGN may represent a major but underestimated source of kinetic feedback in galaxies.2023A&A...670A..22Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/670/A22CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A22https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A22http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/670/A22https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A22https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A22http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/670/A22GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/670/A22/sources (List of studied low-luminosity active galactic nuclei)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A22/sources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A22/sources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/670/A22/sources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true189.997625-11.62305560.0055555555555555566/2282 25083 27426 27714 27765 27914 34534 35993 36785https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/670/A22?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/670/A22/sourcesList of studied low-luminosity active galactic nucleiSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameLow-luminosity active galactic nuclei namemeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Simbad right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainspShow the spectrummeta.ref.urlchartableaName of the file with sub-arcsecond aperture flux distributionmeta.id;meta.filechartablebName of the file with large aperture flux distributionmeta.id;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea1Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 4594nuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea2Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for M87recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea3Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 4261DateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea4Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 3169recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea5Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 4579RefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea6Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 1052nuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea7Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 1097recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea8Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 1386nuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordinte_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tablea9Sub-arcsecond aperture flux distribution for NGC 404recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnSub-arcsec flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoublee_Fn? Sub-arcsec flux density errormJystat.errordoublenullableAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharDateObservation datetime.epoch;obscharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.datmeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb1Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 4594recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb2Large aperture flux distribution for M87recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb3Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 4261recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb4Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 3169recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb5Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 4579recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb6Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 1052nuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb7Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 1097recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb8Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 1386recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/tableb9Large aperture flux distribution for NGC 404recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintnuFrequencyHzem.freqdoubleFnLarge aperture flux densitymJyphot.flux.densitydoubleAper/BeamAperture size or beam resolutionarcsecphys.angSize;instr.fovcharNotesObserving facility, instrumentmeta.notecharRefReference, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.frame;meta.filecharJ/A+A/670/A22/refsReferencesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRefReference codemeta.note;meta.maincharprimaryBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notechar