J/A+A/661/A104ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/661/A104doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36610104CDSda Silva R.Crestani J.Bono G.Braga V.F.D'Orazi V.Lemasle B.,Bergemann M.Dall'Ora M.Fiorentino G.Francois P.Groenewegen M.A.T.,Inno L.Kovtyukh V.Kudritzki R.-P.Matsunaga N.Monelli M.,Pietrinferni A.Porcelli L.Storm J.Tantalo M.Thevenin F.2022-11-13T16:57:44Z2022-05-20T07:56:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyvariable-starschemical-abundancesspectroscopyvisible-astronomyClassical Cepheids are the most popular distance indicators and tracers of young stellar populations. The key advantage is that they are bright and they can be easily identified in Local Group and Local Volume galaxies. Their evolutionary and pulsation properties depend on their chemical abundances. The main aim of this investigation is to perform a new and accurate abundance analysis of 20 calibrating Galactic Cepheids. We used high spectral resolution (R~40000-115000) and high S/N spectra (~400), covering the entire pulsation cycle. We focused our attention on plausible systematics that would affect the estimate of atmospheric parameters and elemental abundances along the pulsation cycle. We cleaned the line list by using atomic transition parameters based on laboratory measurements and by removing lines that are either blended or that display abundance variations along the pulsation cycle. The spectroscopic approach we developed brings forward small dispersions in the variation of the atmospheric parameters (sigma(Teff)~50K, sigma(logg)~0.2dex, and sigma(xi)~0.2km/s) as well as in the abundance of both iron (<~0.05dex) and alpha elements (<~0.10dex) over the entire pulsation cycle. We also provide new and accurate effective temperature templates by splitting the calibrating Cepheids into four different period bins, ranging from short to long periods. For each period bin, we performed an analytical fit with Fourier series providing theta=5040/Teff as a function of the pulsation phase. The current findings are a good viaticum for tracing the chemical enrichment of the Galactic thin disk by using classical Cepheids as a fundamental stepping stone for further investigations into the more metal-poor regime that is typical of Magellanic Cepheids.2022A&A...661A.104Dhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/661/A104CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/616/A82 : Physical parameters of classical Cepheids (Proxauf+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/661/A104https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A104https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A104http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/661/A104GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/661/A104/table1 (20 calibrating Cepheids with high-resolution spectra covering either a substantial portion or the entire pulsation cycle)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A104/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A104/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/661/A104/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true229.94046667-66.496039440.0055555555555555566/12934 13201 15633 23922 28717 28819 29089 29095 29104 29110 29166 29665 30128 32074 33804 39244 39410 41385 42185 43060https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/661/A104?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/661/A104/table120 calibrating Cepheids with high-resolution spectra covering either a substantial portion or the entire pulsation cyclerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameNamemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharModePulsation mode (1)meta.code;src.varchar[Fe/H]litIron abundance from literaturephys.abund.Fefloate_[Fe/H]litIron abundance from literature errorstat.error;phys.abund.Fefloatr_[Fe/H]litReference for [Fe/H]lit (2)meta.refintNF? Number of optical spectra used for spectrograph FEROSmeta.numberintnullableNH? Number of optical spectra used for spectrograph HARPSmeta.numberintnullableNU? Number of optical spectra used for spectrograph UVESmeta.numberintnullableNS? Number of optical spectra used for spectrograph STELLA.meta.numberintnullableNtotTotal number of spectra per targetmeta.numberintJ/A+A/661/A104/table9Abundances of alpha elements for each starNameCepheid namemeta.id;meta.mainchar[Ca/H]Mean Calcium abundance from CaI,CaII linesphys.abundfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint[Mg/H]Mean Magnesium abundance from MgI linesphys.abundfloate_[Mg/H]Error in the mean Mg abundancephys.abundfloats_[Mg/H]Standard deviation of the mean Mg abundancephys.abundfloato_MgNumber of spectra used for Mg linesmeta.numberint[SiI/H]Mean Silicon abundance from SiI linesphys.abundfloate_[SiI/H]Error in the mean SiI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloat[SiII/H]? Mean Silicon abundance from SiII linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[SiII/H]? Error in the mean SiII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullable[Si/H]Mean Silicon abundance from SiI,SiII linesphys.abundfloate_[Si/H]Error in the mean Si abundancephys.abundfloats_[Si/H]Standard deviation of the mean Si abundancephys.abundfloato_SiNumber of spectra used for Si linesmeta.numberint[SI/H]? Mean Sulfur abundance from SI linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[SI/H]? Error in the mean S abundancephys.abundfloatnullableo_SI? Number of spectra used for S linesmeta.numberintnullable[CaI/H]Mean Calcium abundance from CaI linesphys.abundfloate_[CaI/H]Error in the mean CaI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloat[CaII/H]? Mean Calcium abundance from CaII linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[CaII/H]? Error in the mean CaII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ca/H]Error in the mean Ca abundancephys.abundfloats_[Ca/H]Standard deviation of the mean Ca abundancephys.abundfloato_CaNumber of spectra used for Ca linesmeta.numberint[TiI/H]Mean Titanium abundance from TiI linesphys.abundfloate_[TiI/H]Error in the mean TiI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloat[TiII/H]Mean Titanium abundance from TiII linesphys.abundfloate_[TiII/H]Error in the mean TiII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloat[Ti/H]Mean Titanium abundance from TiI,TiII linesphys.abundfloate_[Ti/H]Error in the mean Ti abundancephys.abundfloats_[Ti/H]Standard deviation of the mean Ti abundancephys.abundfloato_TiNumber of spectra used for Ti linesmeta.numberintJ/A+A/661/A104/table8Abundances of alpha elements for each spectrume_[Ti/H]Error in the Ti abundancephys.abundfloat[MgI/H]? Magnesium abundance from MgI linesphys.abundfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCepheid namemeta.id;meta.maincharDatasetSpectroscopic datasetpos.parallax.spectcharMJDModified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublee_[MgI/H]? Error in the MgI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_MgI? Number of MgI lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[SiI/H]Silicon abundance from SiI linesphys.abundfloate_[SiI/H]Error in the SiI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloato_SiINumber of SiI lines adoptedmeta.numberint[SiII/H]? Silicon abundance from SiII linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[SiII/H]? Error in the SiII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_SiII? Number of SiII lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[Si/H]Silicon abundance from SiI,SiII linesphys.abundfloate_[Si/H]Error in the Si abundancephys.abundfloat[SI/H]? Sulfur abundance from SI linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[SI/H]? Error in the SI abundancephys.abundfloatnullableo_SI? Number of SI lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[CaI/H]? Calcium abundance from CaI linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[CaI/H]? Error in the CaI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_CaI? Number of CaI lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[CaII/H]? Calcium abundance from CaII linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[CaII/H]? Error in the CaII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_CaII? Number of CaII lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[Ca/H]? Calcium abundance from CaI,CaII linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[Ca/H]? Error in the Ca abundancephys.abundfloatnullable[TiI/H]Titanium abundance from TiI linesphys.abundfloate_[TiI/H]Error in the TiI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloato_TiINumber of TiI lines adoptedmeta.numberint[TiII/H]? Titanium abundance from TiII linesphys.abundfloatnullablee_[TiII/H]? Error in the TiII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_TiII? Number of TiII lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[Ti/H]Titanium abundance from TiI,TiII linesphys.abundfloatJ/A+A/661/A104/table4Atmospheric parameters, Fe abundances, and radial velocities for each spectrumrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameCepheid namemeta.id;meta.maincharTeff? Effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveintnullablee_Teff? Error in the effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintnullableDatasetSpectroscopic datasetpos.parallax.spectcharMJDModified Julian Datedtime.epochdoublelogg? Surface gravitylog(cm.s**-2)phys.gravityfloatnullablevt? Microturbulent velocitykm/sphys.velocfloatnullable[FeI/H]? Iron abundance from FeI linesphys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_[FeI/H]? Error in the FeI abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[FeI/H]? Number of FeI lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullable[FeII/H]? Iron abundance from FeII linesphys.abund.Fefloatnullablee_[FeII/H]? Error in the FeII abundancestat.error;phys.abundfloatnullableo_[FeII/H]? Number of FeII lines adoptedmeta.numberintnullableRVRadial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVError in the radial velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatJ/A+A/661/A104/table2Atomic parameters of Fe I and Fe II linesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength of the atomic line0.1nmem.wl;spect.linedoubleSpeciesAtomic speciesphys.atmol.configurationcharxiLower-level excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(gf)Logarithmic weighted oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatQflagQuality flag indicating if a line is usedmeta.code.qual;instr.setup;spect.lineintRefsReference(s) for the atomic parameters, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/661/A104/table3Atomic parameters of alpha-element linesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlambdaWavelength of the atomic line0.1nmem.wl;spect.linedoubleSpeciesAtomic speciesphys.atmol.configurationcharxiLower-level excitation potentialeVphys.atmol.excitationfloatlog(gf)Logarithmic weighted oscillator strengthphys.atmol.oscStrengthfloatQflagQuality flag indicating if a line is usedmeta.code.qual;instr.setup;spect.lineintRefsReference(s) for the atomic parameters, in refs.dat filemeta.ref;pos.framecharJ/A+A/661/A104/refsReferencesRefReference numbermeta.id;meta.mainintAutAuthor's namemeta.bib.authorcharComCommentsmeta.notecharBibCodeBibCodemeta.bib.bibcodecharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordint