J/A+A/660/A78ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/660/A78doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36600078CDSBotteon A.Shimwell T.W.Cassano R.Cuciti V.Zhang X.Bruno L.,Camillini L.Natale R.Jones A.Gastaldello F.Simionescu A.,Rossetti M.Akamatsu H.van Weeren R.J.Brunetti G.Brueggen M.,Groeneveld C.Hoang D.N.Hardcastle M.J.Ignesti A.Di Gennaro G.,Bonafede A.Drabent A.Roettgering H.J.A.Hoeft M.de Gasperin F.2022-06-13T13:02:45Z2022-04-13T12:48:26ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frsurveysradio-continuum-emissiongalaxy-clustersradio-sourcesRelativistic electrons and magnetic fields permeate the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and manifest themselves as diffuse sources of synchrotron emission observable at radio wavelengths, namely radio halos and radio relics. Although there is broad consensus that the formation of these sources is connected to turbulence and shocks in the ICM, the details of the required particle acceleration, the strength and morphology of the magnetic field in the cluster volume, and the influence of other sources of high-energy particles are poorly known. Sufficiently large samples of radio halos and relics, which would allow us to examine the variation among the source population and pinpoint their commonalities and differences, are still missing. At present, due to the physical properties of the sources and the capabilities of existing facilities, large numbers of these sources are easiest to detect at low radio frequencies, where they shine brightly. We examined the low-frequency radio emission from all 309 clusters in the second catalog of Planck Sunyaev Zel'dovich detected sources that lie within the 5634 deg^2^ covered by the Second Data Release of the LOFAR Two-meter Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR2). We produced LOFAR images at different resolutions, with and without discrete sources subtracted, and created overlays with optical and X-ray images before classifying the diffuse sources in the ICM, guided by a decision tree. Overall, we found 83 clusters that host a radio halo and 26 that host one or more radio relics (including candidates). About half of them are new discoveries. The detection rate of clusters that host a radio halo and one or more relics in our sample is 30+/-11% and 10+/-6%, respectively. Extrapolating these numbers, we anticipate that once LoTSS covers the entire northern sky it will provide the detection of 251+/-92 clusters that host a halo and 83+/-50 clusters that host at least one relic from Planck clusters alone. All images and results produced in this work are publicly available via the project website.2022A&A...660A..78Bhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/660/A78CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-tohttps://lofar-surveys.org/planck_dr2.html :https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/660/A78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/660/A78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/660/A78https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/660/A78https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/660/A78http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/660/A78GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/660/A78/fsamp (Full PSZ2 clusters in LoTSS-DR2 (table A1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A78/fsamp?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A78/fsamp?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A78/fsamp?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true196.473126.52620.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/660/A78/rrsamp (radio relics and candidate radio relics found in this work (table A4))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A78/rrsamp?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A78/rrsamp?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/660/A78/rrsamp?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true230.011430.52670.0055555555555555566/687 740 2119 2173 2188 2213 2230 2279 2288 2302 2321 2381 2411 2432 2580 2628 2650 2729 4857 4863 4944 4946 4965 5001 5030 5099-5100 5201 5262 5299 5302 5324 5327 5333 5346 5408 5454 5468 5483 5524 5536 5569 5597 5622 5701 5715 5770 5780 5792 5803 5881 5931 5960 5978 5985 6011 6019 6039 6088 6094 6102-6103 6107 6111-6112 6122 6127 6142 6207 6337-6338 6428 6441 6459 6474 6516 6522 6592 6609 6622 6654 7206 7221 7229 7239 7242-7243 7277 7280 7334 7383 7387 7405 7407 7448-7449 7461 7513 7565 7577 7589 7747 7768 9047 9050 9060-9061 9072 9118 9124 9144 9168 9193 9310 9366 9396 9435 9447 9468 9476 9478 9486 9496 9506 9508 9572 9588 9593 9641 9664 9754 9761 9764 9776 9787 9812 9925 9967 9977 9997 10151 10164 10271 10312 10318 10371 10379 10397 10400-10401 10416 10437 10479 10485 10526-10527 10543 10548 10551 10607 10648 10657 10664 10673 10679 10691 10716 10786 10822 10894 10913 10935 10959 10998 11037 11041-11042 11049 11063 11080 11124 11126 11137 11142 11182 11195 11216 11222 11253 11264 11272 11279 11302 11326 11362 11365 11401 11419 11431 11436 11442-11443 11463 11467 11470 11485 11492 11537 11566 11583 11596 11626 11642 11672 11712 11785 11795 11807 11809 11816 11846 11864 11879 11912 11917 11920 11932 11939 11971 12642 12664 12756 13314 13362 13370 13387 13465 13525 13582 14848 14980 14985 15056 18427-18428 19451 19766 19774 19797 19799 19858 19872 19898 19925 19930 19934-19935 19957 20021 20027 20029 20046 20063 20083 20127-20128 20133 20149 20161 20195 20206 20223 20227 20235 20247 20290 20292 20300 20302 20323 20335 20350 20355 20366 20371 20387 20392 20427 28535 28556 28564 28622 28631 28653 32599 32602 32689 32693 32704 32739 32764 327669.939104750406538e-26 9.939104750406538e-26https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/660/A78?format=asciiRadiodefaultJ/A+A/660/A78/fsampFull PSZ2 clusters in LoTSS-DR2 (table A1)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSubsampleindicates data in a subsamplemeta.ref.urlcharNameName of the source, PSZ2 GLLL.ll+BB.bb (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainANamesAlternative names (Alternative names)meta.idcharz? Redshift of the source (z)src.redshiftfloatnullableM500? Mass of the source(M500)1e+14solMassphys.massfloatnullablee_M500? Error on Mass of the source(M500_err)1e+14solMassstat.errorfloatnullableR500? Radius of the source(R500)kpcphys.size.radiusintnullablee_R500? Error on Radius of the source (R500_err)kpcstat.errorintnullableQualQuality of the reference LOFAR radio image (Image quality)pos.frame;obs.imageintrmsNoise of the reference LOFAR radio image (rms)mJy/beammeta.ref;instr.det.noise;obs.imagefloatClassClassification of the radio emission (Classification)meta.code.classcharX-ray[C/X -] Presence of pointed X-ray data (X-ray) (1)meta.codecharComComments and remarks on this entry (Comment)meta.notecharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/660/A78/cwsampSubgalaxy clusters with Chandra/XMM-Newton data available for which we computed the X-ray morphological parameters (table A2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of source, PSZ2 GLLL.ll+BB.bb (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharSubclusterPosition of the subcluster (Subcluster) (1)meta.codecharcConcentration parameter (c)stat.paramfloate_cError on the concentration parameter (c_err)stat.errordoublewCentroid shift (w)pos.distance;arith.diffdoublee_wError on the centroid shift (w_err)stat.errordoubleX-ray[C+X ] X-ray data used to compute the morphological parameters (X-ray) (2)meta.codecharJ/A+A/660/A78/rhsampradio halos and candidate radio halos found in this work (table A3)r1? Best-fit first e-folding radius (r1)kpcphys.size.radius;meta.modelledfloatnullablee_r1? Error on the best-fit first e-folding radius (r1_err)kpcstat.errorfloatnullabler2? Best-fit second e-folding radius (r2)kpcphys.size.radiusfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintS150? Flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz integrated within the 2sigma region (S150 (2sigma))mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloatnullablee_S150? Error on the flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz integrated within the 2sigma region (S150_err (2sigma))mJystat.errorfloatnullableS150f? Flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz obtained from the surface brightness profile fitting (S150 (fit))mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloatnullablee_S150f? Error on the flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz obtained from the surface brightness profile fitting (S150_err (fit))mJystat.errorfloatnullableP150? k-corrected radio power of the radio halo at 150MHz (P150)W/Hzspect.dopplerVeloc.radio;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublenullablee_P150? Error on the k-corrected radio power of the radio halo at 150 MHz (P150_err)W/Hzstat.errordoublenullableI0? Best-fit central brightness (I0)uJy.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbfloatnullablee_I0? Error on the best-fit central brightness (I0_err)uJy.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloatnullablee_r2? Error on the best-fit second e-folding radius (r2_err)kpcstat.errorfloatnullableModelModel used to fit the radio halo (Model)instr.setup;meta.modelledcharSNR? Signal-to-noise ratio of the fit (SNR)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatnullablerms? Noise of the LOFAR radio image used for the fit (rms)mJy/beamstat.snrfloatnullablechi2r? Reduced chi^2^ of the fit (chi2red)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatnullableComComments and remarks on this entry (Comment)meta.notecharNameName of source, PSZ2 GLLL.ll+BB.bb (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharJ/A+A/660/A78/rrsampradio relics and candidate radio relics found in this work (table A4)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameName of source, PSZ2 GLLL.ll+BB.bb (Name)meta.id;meta.maincharPosPosition of the radio relic with respect to the cluster (Position) (1)meta.codecharRAJ2000Radio relic right ascension (J2000) (RA_RR)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Radio relic declination (J2000) (DEC_RR)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainS150Flux density of the radio relic at 150MHz (S150)mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloate_S150Error on the flux density of the radio relic at 150MHz (S150_err)mJystat.errorfloatP150k-corrected radio power of the radio relic at 150MHz (P150)W/Hzspect.dopplerVeloc.radio;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublee_P150Error on the k-corrected radio power of the radio relic at 150MHz (P150_err)W/Hzstat.errordoubleLLSLargest-linear size of the radio relic (LLS)kpcphys.angSizeinte_LLSError on the largest-linear size of the radio relic (LLS_err)kpcstat.errorintWidthWidth of the radio relic (Width)kpcphys.size.diameterinte_WidthError on the width of the radio relic (Width_err)kpcstat.error;spect.line.widthintSBavgAverage surface brightness of the radio relic (Average SB)uJy/beamphot.mag.sbintDRR-c? Distance between the radio relic and X-ray centroid of the cluster (D_RR-c)kpcpos.distanceintnullablee_DRR-c? Error on the distance between the radio relic and X-ray centroid of the cluster (D_RR-c_err)kpcstat.errorintnullableDRR-RR? Distance between double radio relics (D_RR-RR)kpcpos.distanceintnullablee_DRR-RR? Error on the distance between double radio relics (D_RR-RR_err)kpcstat.errorintnullableJ/A+A/660/A78/arhsampradio halos and candidate radio halos that were classified with an asterisk because of their low significance (table C1)SNRSignal-to-noise ratio of the fit (SNR)stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintS150Flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz integrated within the 2sigma region (S150 (2sigma))mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloate_S150Error on the flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz integrated within the 2sigma region (S150_err (2sigma))mJystat.errorfloatS150fFlux density of the radio halo at 150MHz obtained from the surface brightness profile fitting (S150 (fit))mJyphot.flux.density;em.radio.100-200MHzfloate_S150fError on the flux density of the radio halo at 150MHz obtained from the surface brightness profile fitting (S150_err (fit))mJystat.errorfloatP150k-corrected radio power of the radio halo at 150MHz (P150)W/Hzspect.dopplerVeloc.radio;em.radio.100-200MHzdoublee_P150Error on the k-corrected radio power of the radio halo at 150MHz (P150_err)W/Hzstat.errordoubleI0Best-fit central brightness (I0)uJy.arcsec**-2phot.mag.sbfloate_I0Error on the best-fit central brightness (I0_err)uJy.arcsec**-2stat.errorfloatr1Best-fit e-folding radius (r1)kpcphys.size.radius;meta.modelledfloate_r1Error on the best-fit e-folding radius (r1_err)kpcstat.errorfloatModel[circle] Model used to fit the radio halo (Model)instr.setup;meta.modelledcharrmsNoise of the LOFAR radio image used for the fit (rms)mJy/beamstat.snrfloatchi2redReduced chi^2^ of the fit (chi2red)stat.fit.chi2;stat.fit.param;meta.modelledfloatNameName of the source, PSZ2 GLLL.ll+BB.bb (Name)meta.id;meta.mainchar