J/A+A/657/A131ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/657/A131doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36570131CDSMaiz Apellaniz J.Barba R.H.Fernandez Aranda R.Pantaleoni Gonzalez M.,Crespo Bellido P.Sota A.Alfaro E.J.2022-09-30T22:38:13Z2022-07-07T13:40:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersproper-motionsvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxThis is the second paper of a series on Galactic OB groups that uses astrometric and photometric data from Gaia and spectral classifications from the Galactic O-Star Spectroscopic Survey (GOSSS) and the Library of Libraries of Massive-star high-Resolution spectra (LiLiMaRlin). The previous paper was based on the second Gaia data release (DR2). Since then, the early third Gaia data release (EDR3) has appeared with new astrometry and photometry. The two aims of this paper are to revise the results for the sample from Paper I using Gaia EDR3 data and to expand the sample of analyzed stellar groups to 26, from Villafranca O-001 to Villafranca O-026. We used GOSSS to select Galactic stellar groups with O stars and an updated version of the method in Paper 0 of this series, combining Gaia EDR3 G + G_BP_ + G_RP_ photometry, positions, proper motions, and parallaxes to assign memberships and measure distances. We present 99 spectra from GOSSS and 32 from LiLiMaRlin for stars in the analyzed groups or in their foreground. We derived distances to the 26 stellar groups with unprecedented precision and accuracy, with total (random plus systematic) uncertainties lower than 1% for distances within 1 kpc and of ~3% around 3 kpc, which are values almost four times better than for Gaia DR2. We provide homogeneous spectral types for 110 stars and correct a number of errors in the literature, especially for objects in Villafranca O-023 (Orion nebula cluster). For each group, we discuss its membership and present possible runaway and walkaway stars. At least two of the studied groups, Villafranca O-O12 S in NGC 2467 and Villafranca O-014 NW in the North America nebula, are orphan clusters in which the most massive stars have been ejected by dynamical interactions, leaving objects with a capped mass function. The existence of such clusters has important consequences for the study of the initial mass function (IMF), the distribution of supernova explosions across the Galaxy, and the population and dynamics of isolated compact objects. We fit pre-main-sequence (PMS) isochrones to the color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of four clusters to derive ages of 2.0+/-0.5Ma for Villafranca O-026 ({sigma} Orionis cluster), 4+/-2Ma for Villafranca O-016 (NGC 2264), 5.0+/-0.5Ma for Villafranca O-021 (NGC 2362), and 8+/-2Ma for Villafranca O-024 ({gamma} Velorum cluster).2022A&A...657A.131Mhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/657/A131CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)J/A+A/643/A138 : Possible runaway stars list (Maiz Apellaniz+, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/657/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/657/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/657/A131https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/657/A131https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/657/A131http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/657/A131GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/657/A131/tablea1 (Field sizes and filters applied to the O-type stellar groups and subgroups in this paper)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/657/A131/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/657/A131/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/657/A131/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true168.79-61.260.0055555555555555566/3307 14317 14653 14692 14719 15362 15368 21439 22249 22854 23637 28890 29116 29463 37343 37924 37928 38016 39216 39804 39907 42213 42394 42462https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/657/A131?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/657/A131/tablea1Field sizes and filters applied to the O-type stellar groups and subgroups in this paperrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroupGroup Name (O-NNN)meta.id;meta.maincharm_GroupMultiplicity index on Groupmeta.code.multipcharNfNumber of Gaia EDR3 sources in the fieldmeta.numberintSize1Field sizearcminphys.angSize;obs.fieldintSize2Field sizearcminphys.angSize;obs.fieldintRAJ2000Filtering center Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Filtering center Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrFiltering separation from the center in the plane of the skyarcsecpos.angDistanceintpmRA*Filtering central Proper motion along RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEFiltering central Proper motion along DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatrpmFiltering separation from the center in proper motionmas/yrpos.angDistancefloatl_D(G'BP-G'RP)Filtering color displacement with respect to isochronemeta.code.errorcharD(G'BP-G'RP)Filtering color displacement with respect to isochrone or lower value if intervalphot.mag;stat.minfloatD(G-BP-G'RP)2? Upper value of D(G-BP-G'RP) intervaltime.interval;stat.maxfloatnullableG'max? Filtering maximum corrected G magnitudemagphot.mag;arith.difffloatnullableJ/A+A/657/A131/tablea2Membership and distance resultsdGroup distancepcpos.angDistanceintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGroupField Name (O-NNN)meta.id;meta.maincharm_GroupMultiplicity index on Groupmeta.code.multipcharN*0Number of stars in group before normalized parallax filteringmeta.numberintN*Number of stars in group after normalized parallax filteringmeta.numberinttplxNormalized chi^2^ test for the group parallaxstat.fit.chi2floattpmRA*Normalized chi^2^ test for the group proper motion in RAstat.fit.chi2floattpmDENormalized chi^2^ test for the group proper motion in DEstat.fit.chi2floatpmRA*gGroup proper motion in RA, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA*gError on group proper motion in RAmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEgGroup proper motion in DEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEgError on group proper motion inmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatplxgGroup parallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxgError on Group parallaxmasstat.errorfloatE_dError on Group distance, lower valuepcstat.error;stat.maxinte_dError on Group distance, upper valuepcstat.errorintJ/A+A/657/A131/tablea3New GOSSS spectral classificationsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullableNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaEDR3? GaiaEDR3 identification numbermeta.idnullableALS? ALS identification numbermeta.idintnullableSpType2Second component spectral type and luminosity classsrc.spTypecharNotesNotesmeta.notecharGOSSGOS/GBS/GAS/GWS identifier (LLL.ll+BB.bb_NN)meta.idcharGroupGroup name (O-NNN)meta.id.parentcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharLumClLuminosity classsrc.class.luminositycharQualLuminosity class qualifiersrc.class.luminositycharJ/A+A/657/A131/tablea4New LiLiMaRlin spectral classificationsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameStar namemeta.id;meta.maincharGOSSGOS/GBS/GAS/GWS identifier (LLL.ll+BB.bb_NN)meta.idcharGaiaEDR3? GaiaEDR3 identification numbermeta.idnullableALS? ALS identification numbermeta.idintnullableGroupGroup name (O-NNN)meta.id.parentcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharLumClLuminosity classsrc.class.luminositycharQualLuminosity class qualifiersrc.class.luminositycharSpType2Second component spectral type and luminosity classsrc.spTypecharNotesNotesmeta.notechar