J/A+A/654/A56ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/654/A56doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36540056CDSVernazza P.Ferrais M.Jorda L.Hanua J.Carry B.Marsset M.Broz M.,Fetick R.Viikinkoski M.Marchis F.Vachier F.Drouard A.Fusco T.,Birlan M.Podlewska-Gaca E.Rambaux N.Neveu M.Bartczak P.,Dudzinski G.Jehin E.Beck P.Berthier J.Castillo-Rogez J.,Cipriani F.Colas F.Dumas C.Durech J.Grice J.Kaasalainen M.,Kryszczynska A.Lamy P.Le Coroller H.Marciniak A.Michalowski T.,Michel P.Santana-Ros T.Tanga P.Vigan A.Witasse O.Yang B.,Antonini P.Audejean M.Aurard P.Behrend R.Benkhaldoun Z.Bosch J.M.,Chapman A.Dalmon L.Fauvaud S.Hamanowa HirokoHamanowa Hiromi,His J.Jones A.Kim D-H.Kim M-J.Krajewski J.Labrevoir O.Leroy A.,Livet F.Molina D.Montaigut R.Oey J.Payre N.Reddy V.Sabin P.,Sanchez A.G.Socha L.2021-12-03T13:24:49Z2021-10-12T09:45:52ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frasteroidsUntil recently, the 3D shape, and therefore density (when combining the volume estimate with available mass estimates), and surface topography of the vast majority of the largest (D>=100km) main-belt asteroids have remained poorly constrained. The improved capabilities of the SPHERE/ZIMPOL instrument have opened new doors into ground-based asteroid exploration. To constrain the formation and evolution of a representative sample of large asteroids, we conducted a high-angular-resolution imaging survey of 42 large main-belt asteroids with VLT/SPHERE/ZIMPOL. Our asteroid sample comprises 39 bodies with D>=100km and in particular most D>=200km main-belt asteroids (20/23). Furthermore, it nicely reflects the compositional diversity present in the main belt as the sampled bodies belong to the following taxonomic classes: A, B, C, Ch/Cgh, E/M/X, K, P/T, S, and V. The SPHERE/ZIMPOL images were first used to reconstruct the 3D shape of all targets with both the ADAM and MPCD reconstruction methods. We subsequently performed a detailed shape analysis and constrained the density of each target using available mass estimates including our own mass estimates in the case of multiple systems. The analysis of the reconstructed shapes allowed us to identify two families of objects as a function of their diameters, namely "spherical" and "elongated" bodies. A difference in rotation period appears to be the main origin of this bimodality. In addition, all but one object (216 Kleopatra) are located along the Maclaurin sequence with large volatile-rich bodies being the closest to the latter. Our results further reveal that the primaries of most multiple systems possess a rotation period of shorter than 6h and an elongated shape (c/a<=0.65). Densities in our sample range from ~1.3g/cm^3^ (87 Sylvia) to ~4.3g/cm^3^ (22 Kalliope). Furthermore, the density distribution appears to be strongly bimodal with volatile poor ({rho}>=2.7g/cm^3^) and volatile-rich ({rho}>=2.2g/cm^3^) bodies. Finally, our survey along with previous observations provides evidence in support of the possibility that some C-complex bodies could be intrinsically related to IDP-like P- and D-type asteroids, representing different layers of a same body (C: core; P/D: outer shell). We therefore propose that P/ D-types and some C-types may have the same origin in the primordial trans-Neptunian disk.2021A&A...654A..56Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/654/A56CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/654/A56https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A56https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A56http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/654/A56GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/654/A56/table1Taxonomic type, volume-equivalent diameter (D), mass (m), density (), geometric albedo, and c/a ratio of our large programme targetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNumAsteroid numbermeta.idintprimaryNameAsteroid namemeta.id;meta.maincharn_Name[*] * for bodies visited by spacecraftmeta.notecharClassTaxonomic typemeta.code.classcharF/S[F/S ] Collisional family (F) or that possess one or two satellites (S)meta.codecharDVolume-equivalent diameterkmphys.angSizefloate_DVolume-equivalent diameter error (1 {sigma})kmstat.errorfloatmMass1e+18kgphys.massfloate_mMass error (1 {sigma})1e+18kgstat.errorfloatrhoDensityg.cm**-3phys.densityfloate_rhoDensity error (1 {sigma})g.cm**-3stat.errorfloatAlbedoAlbedophys.albedofloatc/aOblatenessphys.size;arith.ratiofloate_c/aOblateness error (1 {sigma})stat.errorfloatDataindicates data in tables A2 and A3meta.ref.urlcharJ/A+A/654/A56/tablea2VLT/SPHERE disk-resolved images obtained by the ZIMPOL camerarecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNumAsteroid numbermeta.idintNameAsteroid namemeta.id;meta.maincharObs.DateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableObs.TimeObservation time (UT)time.epochnullableExpTimeExposure timestime.duration;obs.exposureintAirmassAirmassobs.airMassfloatDeltaDistance to the EarthAUpos.angDistancefloatrDistance to the SunAUpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatalphaPhase angledegpos.phaseAngfloatDaAngular diameter of Kalliope as seen from the Eartharcsecphys.angSizefloatJ/A+A/654/A56/tablea3*Optical disk-integrated data used for the shape modelingphiPhase angledegsrc.orbitalfloatFilterPhotometric filtermeta.id;instr.filtercharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNumAsteroid numbermeta.idintNameAsteroid namemeta.id;meta.maincharEpochEpochtime.epochnullableNpNumber of individual measurementsmeta.numberintDeltaAsteroid's distance to the EarthAUpos.angDistancefloatrAsteroid's distance to the SunAUpos.distance;pos.heliocentricfloatRefReference or, for new data, either the observer, the telescope, or the campaign name instead of the reference (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar