J/A+A/652/A102ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/652/A102doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36520102CDSHao C.J.Xu Y.Hou L.G.Bian S.B.Li J.J.Wu Z.Y.He Z.H.Li Y.J.,Liu D.J.2021-08-17T07:01:50Z2021-08-17T07:57:37ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmilky-way-galaxyopen-star-clustersvisible-astronomytrigonometric-parallaxproper-motionsradial-velocityThe structure and evolution of the spiral arms of the Milky Way are basic but long-standing questions in astronomy. Especially the lifetime of spiral arms, it is still a puzzle and has not been well constrained from observations. In this work, we aim to inspect these issues by using a large catalogue of open clusters. We have compiled a catalogue of 3794 OCs based on Gaia EDR3. A majority of them have accurately determined parallaxes, proper motions and radial velocities. The age parameters for these OCs are also collected or calculated. Then, we analysed their distributions on the Galactic plane, the kinematic properties, the vertical distributions and the regressed properties of subsamples of OCs in order to better understand the nearby spiral structure and its evolution. We find evidence that the nearby spiral arms are compatible with a long lived pattern and might have remained approximately stable for the past 80 million years. Especially, the Local Arm where our Sun is currently located in, is also suggested to be long-lived in nature, and probable a major arm segment in the Milky Way. The evolutionary characteristics of nearby spiral arms show that the dynamic spiral mechanism might be not suitable for our Galaxy. Instead, the density wave theory is more consistent with the observational properties.2021A&A...652A.102Hhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/652/A102CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/ocl : Optically visible open clusters and CandidatesJ/A+A/558/A53 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. II.J/A+A/568/A51 : Milky Way global survey of star clusters. III.J/A+A/581/A39 : MWSC IV. 63 new open clusters (Scholz+, 2015)J/A+A/564/A79 : Proper motions of open clusters from UCAC4 (Dias+, 2014)J/A+A/618/A93 : Gaia DR2 open clusters in the Milky WayJ/A+A/624/A126 : New open clusters in Perseus directionJ/A+A/618/A59 : Gaia DR2 confirmed new nearby open clustersJ/A+A/627/A35 : New open clusters in Galactic anti-centreJ/A+A/635/A45 : 570 new open clusters in the Galactic discJ/ApJS/245/32 : Newly identified star clusters in Gaia DR2 (Liu+, 2019)J/MNRAS/496/2021 : New Galactic open clusters (Ferreira+, 2020)J/A+A/619/A155 : Open cluster kinematics with Gaia DR2 (Soubiran+, 2018)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/652/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/652/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/652/A102https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/652/A102https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/652/A102http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/652/A102GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/652/A102/catalog (Parameters for 3794 clusters based on the Gaia EDR3)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/652/A102/catalog?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/652/A102/catalog?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/652/A102/catalog?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true0.05660.9370.0055555555555555565/324 346 764-766 826 903 928 3322 3573-3574 3577 3613 3656-3657 3660-3661 3672 3843-3844 5204 5388 5420 5423 5942 5962 6124 7177 7202 7229 7555 7561 7564 9333 9335 9341-9342 9428 9431 9438 9481-9483 9505-9506 9811 9849 9854 9940 9942 9944 9950 9977 10413 10418-10419 10424 10427 10442-10443 10452 10464 10539 10542 10552 10556 10591 10594 10612 10616 10754 10756 10758 10761 6/348 454 468 484 511 775 862 1071-1072 1082 1101 1109 1117 1119 1129 1138 1164 1172 1194 1209 1218 1261 1276-1277 1283 1285-1287 1302 1304-1305 1307-1308 1311 1313 1317-1319 1323-1326 1329 1332 1335 1337-1341 1347 1351-1353 1358 1377 1383 1409 1411-1412 1415 1423 1433 1444-1446 1451-1453 1457 1460-1462 1464 1466 1481-1482 1486 1509 1513-1514 1539 1557 1576 1582 1636 1649 1653 1661 1717-1718 1735 1751-1752 1755 1757 1781-1783 1789 1794 1801-1802 1807 1814 1821 1825 1839-1840 1853 1858 1861 1883 1889-1890 1913 1923 1925 1928 1931 1948 1953 1956 1996 2296 2395 2425 2436 2447 2463 2517 2666 2718 2785 2799 2807 2809 2819 2859 2901-2902 2909 2912 2937 2940 2942 2951 2967 2976 2983 2985 2990 2994 3005-3006 3009 3012 3015 3027-3029 3032 3034-3035 3037-3038 3040 3042-3043 3045-3050 3052 3054-3055 3069 3076 3091 3097 3103 3136 3143 3145 3147 3149 3153 3158 3168 3170 3186 3199 3201 3212 3227 3230-3231 3242 3251 3253-3258 3261-3263 3267 3274 3276-3277 3280 3282 3286 3289 3296 3298 3301 3308-3310 3312 3314-3315 3317 3319 3323 3329 3331 3334-3335 3337 3361-3362 3364 3384 3493 3556 3569 3584 3593 3595-3598 3601 3604-3606 3608 3610-3611 3619 3621-3623 3625-3628 3631-3634 3636-3638 3642 3644-3645 3649 3652 3654 3657 3659-3660 3662 3674 3680 3687 3690 3698 3718 3721-3724 3726-3727 3729 3738-3739 3743 3745 3752 3755 3757 3759 3763 3766 3783 3796 3816 3843 3875 3877-3878 3884 3910 3970 3974 3976 4027 4078 4084 4255 4298 4320 4698 4884 4954 5013 6149 6151 6154 6195 6281 6307 6316 6330 6341 6506 6691 6733 6760 6817 6881 6894 6908 7086 7093 7155 7891 8026 8174 10058 12428 12481 12538 12713 12737 12786 12810 12891 12939 12941 12943 12955 12957 12962-12963 12968 12971-12972 12975 12978 12984-12985 12990 13022 13036 13040 13042 13048-13050 13052 13054-13055 13096 13098 13188 13198 13225 13230 13260 13264 13271 13286-13287 13304 13309 13419 13556 13559 13654 13746 13786 13791 13799 13844 13863 13874 13949 13952 13962 13987 13989-13990 13992 13994 13996 14008-14009 14013-14014 14025 14029 14031 14033 14043 14046 14048 14051-14052 14058-14060 14065 14073-14074 14076 14078 14081 14098 14101 14103 14129 14134 14140 14154 14162 14182-14183 14189 14194-14196 14202-14203 14206-14207 14210 14221 14223 14225 14229 14233 14237-14239 14242-14243 14246-14248 14251 14253-14256 14258 14262-14265 14267-14268 14270-14272 14279-14280 14285-14286 14288 14301-14303 14306-14307 14312 14314-14317 14320-14322 14324-14325 14327 14329-14331 14336 14340 14346 14350 14353 14356 14358 14363 14366-14367 14370-14371 14373 14384 14400 14402-14404 14409-14413 14415 14418 14424 14426-14427 14430-14432 14436 14438 14449 14451 14460 14463 14485 14500 14523 14553 14571 14575 14593 14595 14598 14602-14604 14606 14611 14614 14617 14621-14623 14632-14633 14638-14639 14648 14650 14653 14655 14660 14663 14670 14675 14679 14682-14683 14686 14692-14693 14696-14698 14700 14704-14705 14709 14712 14715 14717 14719 14725 14730 14732 14737 14739-14740 14749 14752 14790 14800 14802 14809 14816-14817 14820 14878 15059-15060 15112 15121 15214 15226 15327 15363-15366 15368-15369 15371 15381 15385-15387 15390-15391 15393 15395-15396 15398-15399 15404 15409-15410 15412 15417 15424 15426 15428 15430-15434 15436 15439-15440 15443-15445 15447-15450 15452 15458 15461 15467 15469 15478-15479 15482-15483 15497 15501 15520 15568 15577 15582-15583 15595 15616-15618 15622 15629 15631-15633 15636 15641-15642 15646 15650 15652-15653 15657 15659 15662 15664 15667 15671-15673 15678 15683 15686-15687 15693 15701 15706 15709-15710 15716 15722 15738 15742 15744 15747 15749 15759 15765 15797 15799 15814 15827 15836 15843 15850 15914 16132 16193 16208 16233 16341 16490 16637 17135 19378 19414 20460 20555 20561-20562 20567 20583 20587 20612 20679 20738 20745 20752 20763 20766 20784 20786 20797 20800 20811-20812 20814-20815 20821-20824 20828 20831 20833 20837 20844 20849 20853-20854 20860 20863 20903-20904 20924 20937 20939 20951 20956-20958 20966 20988-20989 21105 21267 21301-21302 21311 21325 21327 21332 21338 21356 21359 21369 21372 21394 21436 21438 21453 21456 21458 21471-21472 21504 21506 21509-21510 21513-21514 21516-21517 21519-21520 21522-21523 21525 21528-21529 21531 21535 21538 21540 21548-21550 21557 21560 21567 21586 21590 21602-21603 21613 21632-21633 21635 21637 21641 21643-21644 21646-21647 21649 21655-21658 21664 21668 21670-21672 21676-21677 21686-21688 21691 21697 21706 21710 21718-21719 21734 21736 21739 21741 21752 21774 21804 21918 21920-21921 21925 21927 21939 21952 21986 22021 22026 22030 22032-22034 22037-22041 22044-22045 22048 22051 22053 22057-22058 22060 22065-22066 22071-22072 22075 22078-22079 22088-22089 22091-22094 22097 22106-22107 22111-22112 22117-22118 22121-22125 22130 22132 22134-22135 22139 22143 22146 22155 22161-22163 22165 22172 22183 22189 22197 22199 22201 22207-22208 22210-22211 22213-22217 22219 22222 22224-22226 22235 22239 22241-22243 22245-22246 22249 22251-22254 22260-22261 22263-22264 22305 22311 22314 22321 22329 22336 22340 22343 22348 22372 22401 22408 22421 22433 22445 22467 22478 22499 22805 22851 22854 22859 22871 22880 22887 22892 22895 22982 22993 23004 23026-23027 23029 23380 23390 23402 23410 23422 23539 23577 23580 23583 23596 23601 23612 23616 23620-23622 23625-23626 23629 23632-23633 23636-23638 23640-23642 23645-23646 23655-23656 23663 23665-23666 23669 23671 23674 23677 23679 23696 23698 23704 23714 23717 23727 23731 23745 23760-23761 23765-23766 23773 23784 23795-23797 23801 23803 23807 23814 23817 23840 23852 23861 23906 23920 23936-23938 23941 23949-23950 23952 23962 23964 23972 23974 23976-23977 23979-23980 23986 23994 23996 23998-23999 24026 24032 24047 24057 24093 24120-24121 24123 24130 24137-24139 24155 24162 24170 24177 24180-24181 24228 24232 24256 24266 24291-24292 24314 24322 24326 24329-24330 24333 24341 24344-24345 24347 24350 24355 24359 24361 24367 24369 24372 24375-24376 24378 24381 24386-24387 24413 24425-24427 24430 24448-24450 24454 24456 24461 24465-24466 24470 24472 24474-24477 24483 24489 24491 24502 24506 24508 24510 24513 24522 24527 24535 24539 24544 24553-24554 24648 24734 25201 26301 26666 27142 27580 28480 28696 28704 28714-28716 28718 28731-28732 28739 28743 28745 28780 28793 28800 28802-28803 28806-28807 28812-28813 28817-28818 28820 28822-28825 28828-28830 28833 28838-28839 28855 28859 28866-28869 28872 28874 28876 28879 28881 28884 28886 28889-28891 28894 28900-28901 28904-28905 28913-28914 28920 28922 28941 28944 28985 28997 29026-29027 29031-29032 29035 29066 29078 29081-29082 29088 29091-29092 29095-29096 29101-29103 29106 29109-29110 29114-29115 29118-29119 29121 29154 29159-29160 29162 29166-29167 29180 29183 29207 29216 29220 29249 29269 29304 29334 29345 29373 29391 29443 29456 29459-29461 29463 29469 29481 29497-29498 29505 29509-29511 29513 29516-29517 29520 29523 29530 29533 29541 29549 29653 29661 29728 29759-29760 29779 29824 29862 29868 29915 29924 29931 29982 30015 30054 30125 30127 30146 30174 30208 30210 30215 30217-30218 30227 30232 30234-30235 30240 30242-30243 30249 30271 30283 30287 30290 30293 30306 30308-30310 30312-30313 30323 30335-30336 30344 30400 30407 30427-30428 30439 30461 30482 30505-30506 30517 30523 30540 30559 30579 30582 30592 30595 30609 30622 30626 30629 30635-30638 30646 30648 30653-30654 30656 30664 30667 30675 30686 30690-30693 30698 30700-30701 30704 30712 30716-30717 30719-30720 30726 30730 30736 30755 30823 30914 30921 31021 31061 31071 31142 31170 31174 31183-31184 31193 31195 31224 31756 31763 31772 31790 31812 31819 31822 31853 31865 31875 31877 31894 31901 32016-32017 32065 32089 32111 32122 32170-32171 32198 32227 32266 32269 32275 32316 32393 32402 32517 32524 32580 32621-32622 32660 32707 32808 32813 32920 33077 33099 34260 34538 36936 36951 36956 36962 36968 36972 36975 37012 37029 37034 37067 37074 37109 37132 37155 37161 37178 37180 37185 37196-37197 37200 37203 37207 37212 37217 37230-37233 37235 37237-37239 37244-37245 37247 37252 37270 37272 37277 37279 37297 37303 37317 37319-37320 37326-37327 37329 37331 37337 37339 37348-37349 37351 37360 37362-37363 37373 37375 37400 37443 37592 37594 37659 37672 37693 37696 37702 37705 37707-37709 37711 37717-37719 37721-37723 37729-37730 37733-37735 37737 37739-37741 37743-37746 37750-37751 37789-37791 37819 37821 37827 37835-37836 37839 37841 37844-37846 37849 37851-37852 37859 37861-37863 37865 37867-37870 37874 37876 37882-37883 37885-37887 37889 37892 37895 37897 37899-37902 37904 37906-37908 37913-37914 37916 37918-37921 37923 37936-37938 37940-37942 37948 37956 37962 37971 37992 38016 38018 38031-38033 38037-38038 38041 38048 38051-38052 38054 38064 38073 38075 38166 38216 38242 38271 38275 38302 38395 38405 38410 38412 38418 38427 38430 38432-38433 38441 38446 38459-38460 38496 38505 38526-38529 38531 38537-38540 38559-38560 38578 38585 38590 38613 38619 38627 38638 38702 38762 38795-38796 38811 38817 38828 38833 38956 38977 39005 39008 39015 39113 39131 39154 39163 39175 39177 39179 39181 39189 39191 39193 39195-39196 39210 39212 39216 39221 39233 39236-39238 39242-39243 39248-39249 39251 39254-39255 39257 39262 39270 39272-39274 39276-39277 39279-39280 39282-39284 39286-39288 39290 39294 39296 39301 39311 39317 39321 39323-39324 39326-39327 39347 39356 39359 39362 39367 39369 39371 39373-39376 39384-39386 39388 39390-39391 39400 39403-39404 39406 39409-39413 39420 39423 39528 39548 39587 39676 39694 39696-39697 39702 39709-39710 39714 39721 39723 39726 39735 39739 39742 39746-39747 39751-39752 39754-39756 39766 39774-39775 39780-39781 39783 39785 39788-39789 39793 39795-39798 39804-39806 39826 39831-39832 39836 39839 39845 39858-39859 39867 39869 39871-39874 39876-39877 39879 39883 39888 39890 39892 39894 39897 39900-39901 39905 39907 39912-39913 39915 39917 39919-39921 39924 39927 39929-39931 39933-39935 39943-39944 39956 39963 39968-39969 39974 39976-39977 40039 40064 40071 40082 40097 40104-40106 40112 40116 40135 40147 40168 40450-40451 40459-40460 40462 40480 40489-40491 40498-40499 40516 40525 40548 40550 40579-40580 40585-40587 40591 40601 40603 40608 40610-40612 40616 40618-40620 40623 40625 40631 40633 40696 40740 40819 40837 40878 40970 40974 40976 40987 41008 41015 41089 41096-41097 41099 41107 41127 41150 41245 41301 41342 41381 41389 41393 41432-41433 41443-41444 41453 41455 41461 41466-41467 41470 41491 41502 41519 41522 41527 41538 41545 41550 41558 41565 41570 41577-41578 41580 41582-41584 41586 41591 41593-41594 41596 41599 41610 41613-41615 41620-41622 41624 41628-41629 41633 41637-41638 41643 41646 41648-41649 41656-41657 41663 41667 41669-41670 41682 41687-41688 41690-41692 41701-41704 41706-41707 41712 41714 41716 41718 41730 41738 41740-41741 41747 41750 41753-41754 41756 41758-41762 41765 41780 41782-41783 41789 41793 41795-41796 41798-41799 41802 41806-41807 41812-41813 41817 41819 41821-41824 41829 41831-41832 41834 41846 41860 41862-41864 41867 41869 41873-41874 41878 41893 41922-41923 41928 41995 42029 42037 42056 42111 42124 42127 42135 42141 42150-42151 42153-42155 42163-42166 42172-42174 42177 42185 42194 42197 42201-42204 42206-42207 42213-42214 42216-42218 42220 42228 42230-42231 42236 42245 42268 42274 42286 42341 42346 42348-42349 42351 42353 42360 42363 42370 42374 42380 42382-42384 42387 42390-42394 42396 42398-42402 42405 42407 42415-42417 42420-42421 42425 42432-42433 42435 42437-42438 42441 42447 42452 42456 42458 42460 42462 42469-42470 42472 42486 42496 42498 42500-42502 42506-42507 42511-42512 42522 42548 42565 42579 42583 42590 42611 42651 42707 42722 42728 42730 42744 42811 42816 42835-42836 42846 42850-42851 42906 42912 42915 42964 42966 42986 43007 43009 43011-43014 43021-43023 43036 43040-43041 43048 43050 43052 43055 43058-43059 43066 43086 43110 43136-43137 43140 43142 43147 43149 43172 43296 43301 43338 43430 43546 43606 43724 43780 43822 43853 43910 44048 44056 44108 44115 44121 44151 44208 44290-44291 44353 44413 44448 44481 44525 44543 44694 44805 45067 45121 45150 45201 45203-45204 45225 45628 45747 45799 45801 45944 47115 47118 47145 47171 47234 47254 47276 47289 47301 47326 47342 47373 47621 47676 47704 47730 47748 47783 47858 47909 47911-47912 47914 47926 47955 48008 48015 48058-48059 48070 48092 48102 48114 48116 48561 48813 48834 48852 48864 48879 48888 48893 48951https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/652/A102?format=asciiOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/652/A102/catalogParameters for 3794 clusters based on the Gaia EDR3SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idchare_logt? Error of agelog(yr)stat.errorfloatnullablerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSeq[1/3794] Sequential numbermeta.recordintClusterCluster namemeta.id;meta.maincharRA_ICRSMean right ascension of members (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.ra;meta.maine_RA_ICRSStandard deviation of right ascensiondegstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatDE_ICRSMean declination of members (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.eq.dec;meta.maine_DE_ICRSStandard deviation of declinationdegstat.error;pos.eq.decfloatGLONMean Galactic longitude of members (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.galactic.lonGLATMean Galactic latitude of members (ICRS) at Ep=2016.0degpos.galactic.latfloatplxMean parallax of membersmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_plxStandard deviation of parallax of membersmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatu_plx[0/1] Parallax uncertainties smaller than 10%? (1=yes, 0=no)meta.code.error;pos.parallaxintpmRA*Mean proper motion along RA*cosDE of membersmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRA*Standard deviation of pmRA*cosDE of membersmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEMean proper motion along DE of membersmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEStandard deviation of pmDE of membersmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloatlogtLogarithm of agelog(yr)time.agefloatRV? Mean radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullables_RV? Standard deviation of RVkm/sstat.stdevfloatnullablee_RV? Uncertainty of RVkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableo_RV? Number of members used to compute mean radial velocitymeta.numberintnullableNNumber of cluster membersmeta.numberintRefReference of this OC (1)meta.ref;pos.framechar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountdegpos.eq.decnullableindexed