J/A+A/650/A157ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/650/A157doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36500157CDSGuarcello M.G.Biazzo K.Drake J.J.Micela G.Prisinzano L.,Sciortino S.Damiani F.Flaccomio E.Neiner C.Wright N.J.2021-07-05T13:08:28Z2021-06-24T07:04:19ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.fropen-star-clustersx-ray-sourcesinfrared-photometryvisible-astronomyWide-band photometrysloan-photometryThe dispersal of protoplanetary disks sets the timescale available for planets to assemble, and thus it is one of the fundamental parameters in theories of planetary formation. Disk dispersal is determined by several properties of the central star, the disk itself, and the surrounding environment. In particular, the metallicity of disks may impact their evolution, even if to date controversial results exist: in low-metallicity clusters disks seem to rapidly disperse, while in the Magellanic Clouds some evidence supports the existence of accreting disks few tens of Myrs old. In this paper we study the dispersal timescale of disks in Dolidze 25, the young cluster in proximity of the Sun with lowest metallicity, with the aim of understanding whether disk evolution is impacted by the low-metallicity of the cluster. We have analyzed Chandra/ACIS-I observations of the cluster and combined the resulting source catalog with existing optical and infrared catalogs of the region. We selected the disk-bearing population in a 1 degree circular region centered on Dolidze~25 from criteria based on infrared colors, and the disk-less population within a smaller central region among the X-ray sources with OIR counterpart. In both cases, criteria are applied to discard contaminating sources in the foreground/background. We have derived stellar parameters from isochrones fitted to color-magnitude diagrams. We derived a disk fraction of about 34% and a median age of the cluster of 1.2Myrs. To minimize the impact of incompleteness and spatial inhomogeneity of the list of members, we restricted this calculation to stars in a magnitude range where our selection of cluster members is fairly complete and by adopting different cuts in stellar masses. By comparing this estimate with existing estimates of the disk fraction of clusters younger than 10Myrs, our study suggests that the disk fraction of Dolidze 25 is lower than what is expected from its age alone. Even if our results are not conclusive given the intrinsic uncertainty on stellar ages estimated from isochrones fitting to color-magnitude diagrams, we suggest that disk evolution in Dolidze 25 may be impacted by the environment. Given the poor O star population and low stellar density of the cluster, it is more likely that disks dispersal timescale is dictated more by the low metallicity of the cluster rather than external photoevaporation or dynamical encounters.2021A&A...650A.157Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/650/A157CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toB/corot : CoRoT observation log (N2-4.4) (CoRoT 2016)I/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)I/350 : Gaia EDR3 (Gaia Collaboration, 2020)II/246 : 2MASS All-Sky Catalog of Point Sources (Cutri+ 2003)II/321 : IPHAS DR2 Source Catalogue (Barentsen+, 2014)II/341 : VPHAS+ DR2 survey (Drew+, 2016)II/328 : AllWISE Data Release (Cutri+ 2013)II/349 : The Pan-STARRS release 1 (PS1) Survey - DR1 (Chambers+, 2016)J/A+A/509/A104 : UBVRIJHK photometry of Dolidze 25 (Delgado+, 2010)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/650/A157https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/650/A157http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/650/A157https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/650/A157https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/650/A157http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/650/A157GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/650/A157/xsources (X-ray sources detected in a 150ks observation with Chandra/ACIS-I centered on the young stellar cluster Dolidze 25)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/650/A157/xsources?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/650/A157/xsources?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/650/A157/xsources?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true101.090706920.24653610.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/650/A157/members (Members, selected from detection in the X-ray observation, infrared excesses, and spectroscopic classification)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/650/A157/members?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/650/A157/members?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/650/A157/members?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true101.2484893920.67117250.0055555555555555566/22079 22122 22165 222081.1166583743361574e-19 6.118840631666147e-19https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/650/A157?format=asciiX-rayOpticalInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/650/A157/xsourcesX-ray sources detected in a 150ks observation with Chandra/ACIS-I centered on the young stellar cluster Dolidze 25NetctBNet counts in the broad band (NET_CNTS_B)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintID[0/1008] Stellar ID in the members catalog (MEMBER_ID)meta.idintACISX-ray identifier (ACIS_DES)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainctBCounts in the broad band (COUNTS_B)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintctSCounts in the soft band (COUNTS_S)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintctHCounts in the hard band (COUNTS_H)ctphot.count;em.X-rayintoffAngleOff-axis angle (OFFAXIS_ANGLE)arcmininstr.offsetdoubleSrcAreaAverage aperture area for merged observations (SRC_AREA)pixel**2phys.angSize;instr.fovdoublePSFFracAverage PSF fraction at 1.5keV for merged observations (PSF_FRAC)instr.det.psfdoubleProbKS? Smallest p-value for the non-variable null hypothesis (PROB_KS)stat.fit.goodnessdoublenullablemeanARFBMean effective area in the broad band (MEAN_ARF_B)cm**2.count**-1phys.angSizedoublemeanARFSMean effective area in the soft band (MEAN_ARF_S)cm**2.count**-1phys.angSizedoublemeanARFHMean effective area in the hard band (MEAN_ARF_H)cm**2.count**-1phys.angSizedoubleBkgCtsBCounts in the background area in the broad band (BKG_CNTS_B)ctinstr.backgroundintBkgCttsSCounts in the background area in the soft band (BKG_CNTS_S)ctinstr.backgroundintBkgCtsHCounts in the background area in the hard band (BKG_CNTS_H)ctinstr.backgroundintBkgScalBBackground scaling factor in the broad band (BACKSCAL_B)arith.factordoubleBkgScalSBackground scaling factor in the soft band (BACKSCAL_S)arith.factordoubleBkgScalHBackground scaling factor in the hard band (BACKSCAL_H)arith.factordoubleNetctS? Net counts in the soft band (NET_CNTS_S)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoublenullableNetctH? Net counts in the hard band (NET_CNTS_H)ctphot.count;em.X-raydoublenullableE_NetctB1 sigma upper bound of the net counts in the broad band (NET_CNTS_SIGMAUP_B)ctstat.error;stat.maxdoubleE_NetctS1 sigma upper bound of the net counts in the soft band (NET_CNTS_SIGMAUP_S)ctstat.error;stat.maxdoubleE_NetctH1 sigma upper bound of the net counts in the hard band (NET_CNTS_SIGMAUP_H)ctstat.error;stat.maxdoublee_NetctB1 sigma lower bound of the net counts in the broad band (NET_CNTS_SIGMALO_B)ctstat.errordoublee_NetctS? 1 sigma lower bound of the net counts in the soft band (NET_CNTS_SIGMALO_S)ctstat.errordoublenullablee_NetctH? 1 sigma lower bound of the net counts in the hard band (NET_CNTS_SIGMALO_H)ctstat.errordoublenullablelogPBSBLog(10) p-value for the null-hypothesis of no source in the broad band (PBS_B)stat.fit.goodnessdoublelogPBSSLog(10) p-value for the null-hypothesis of no source in the soft band (PBS_S)stat.fit.goodnessdoublelogPBSHLog(10) p-value for the null-hypothesis of no source in the hard band (PBS_H)stat.fit.goodnessdoublephFluxBPhotons flux in the broad band (PHOTFLUX_B)ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoublephFluxS? Photons flux in the soft band (PHOTFLUX_S)ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullablephFluxH? Photons flux in the hard band (PHOTFLUX_H)ph.cm**-2.s**-1phot.flux;em.X-raydoublenullableEMedMedian photon energy (ENERMED)keVem.energydoubleEQ2525th percentile of the photon energy distribution (ENERQ25)keVem.energydoubleEQ7575th percentile of the photon energy distribution (ENERQ75)keVem.energydoubleJ/A+A/650/A157/membersMembers, selected from detection in the X-ray observation, infrared excesses, and spectroscopic classificationID[1/1097] Stellar ID (ID)meta.idintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension (J2000) (RA)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000) (DEC)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainumagVP? VPHAS/DR2 u band magnitude (MAGU_VP)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ufloatnullablee_umagVP? Error of the VPHAS/DR2 u band magnitude (ERRMAGU_VP)magstat.error;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullablegmagVP? VPHAS/DR2 g band magnitude (MAGG_VP)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmagVP? Error of the VPHAS/DR2 g band magnitude (ERRMAGG_VP)magstat.errorfloatnullableHamagVP? VPHAS/DR2 Halpha band magnitude (MAGHA_VP)magphot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_HamagVP? Error of the VPHAS/DR2 Halpha band magnitude (ERRMAGHA_VP)magstat.errorfloatnullablermagVP? VPHAS/DR2 r band magnitude (MAGR_VP)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmagVP? Error of the VPHAS/DR2 r magnitude (ERRMAGR_VP)magstat.errorfloatnullableimagVP? VPHAS/DR2 i band magnitude (MAGI_VP)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imagVP? Error of the VPHAS/DR2 i band magnitude (ERRMAGI_VP)magstat.errorfloatnullablermagIP? IPHAS/DR2 r band magnitude (MAGR_IP)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmagIP? Error of the IPHAS/DR2 r band magnitude (ERRMAGR_IP)magstat.errorfloatnullableimagIP? IPHAS/DR2 i band magnitude (MAGI_IP)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imagIP? Error of the IPHAS/DR2 i band magnitude (ERRMAGI_IP)magstat.errorfloatnullableHamagIP? IPHAS/DR2 Halpha band magnitude (MAGHA_IP)magphot.flux;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_HamagIP? Error of the IPHAS/DR2 Halpha magnitude (ERRMAGHA_IP)magstat.errorfloatnullablegmagPAN? Pan-STARRS g band magnitude (MAGG_PAN)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bfloatnullablee_gmagPAN? Error of the Pan-STARRS g band magnitude (ERRMAGG_PAN)magstat.errordoublenullablermagPAN? Pan-STARRS r band magnitude (MAGR_PAN)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rfloatnullablee_rmagPAN? Error of the Pan-STARRS r band magnitude (ERRMAGR_PAN)magstat.errordoublenullableimagPAN? Pan-STARRS i band magnitude (MAGI_PAN)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_imagPAN? Error of the Pan-STARRS i band magnitude (ERRMAGI_PAN)magstat.errordoublenullablezmagPAN? Pan-STARRS z band magnitude (MAGZ_PAN)magphot.mag;em.opt.Ifloatnullablee_zmagPAN? Error of the Pan-STARRS z band magnitude (ERRMAGZ_PAN)magstat.errordoublenullableymagPAN? Pan-STARRS y band magnitude (MAGY_PAN)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jfloatnullablee_ymagPAN? Error of the Pan-STARRS y band magnitude (ERRMAGY_PAN)magstat.error;pos.cartesian.ydoublenullableUmagDEL? U band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (MAGU_DEL)magphot.mag;em.opt.Udoublenullablee_UmagDEL? Error of the U band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (ERRMAGU_DEL)magstat.errordoublenullableBmagDEL? B band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (MAGB_DEL)magphot.mag;em.opt.Bdoublenullablee_BmagDEL? Error of the B band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (ERRMAGB_DEL)magstat.errordoublenullableVmagDEL? V band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (MAGV_DEL)magphot.mag;em.opt.Vfloatnullablee_VmagDEL? Error of the V band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (ERRMAGV_DEL)magstat.errorfloatnullableRmagDEL? R band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (MAGR_DEL)magphot.mag;em.opt.Rdoublenullablee_RmagDEL? Error of the R band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (ERRMAGR_DEL)magstat.errordoublenullableImagDEL? I band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (MAGI_DEL)magphot.mag;em.opt.Idoublenullablee_ImagDEL? Error of the I band magnitude from Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D) (ERRMAGI_DEL)magstat.errordoublenullableJmag? 2MASS or UKIDSS/DR10 J band magnitude (MAGJ)magphot.mag;em.IR.Jdoublenullablee_Jmag? Error of the 2MASS or UKIDSS/DR10 J band magnitude (ERRMAGJ)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableHmag? 2MASS or UKIDSS/DR10 H band magnitude (MAGH)magphot.mag;em.IR.Hdoublenullablee_Hmag? Error of the 2MASS or UKIDSS/DR10 H band magnitude (ERRMAGH)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullableKmag? 2MASS or UKIDSS/DR10 K band magnitude (MAGK)magphot.mag;em.IR.Kdoublenullablee_Kmag? Error of the 2MASS or UKIDSS/DR10 K band magnitude (ERRMAGK)magstat.error;phot.magdoublenullable[3.6]? Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] band magnitude (MAG1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umdoublenullablee_[3.6]? Error of the Spitzer/IRAC [3.6] band magnitude (ERRMAG1)magstat.errordoublenullable[4.5]? Spitzer/IRAC [4.5] band magnitude (MAG2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_[4.5]? Error of the Spitzer/IRAC [4.5] band magnitude (ERRMAG2)magstat.errordoublenullable[5.8]? Spitzer/IRAC [5.8] band magnitude (MAG3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.4-8umdoublenullablee_[5.8]? Error of the Spitzer/IRAC [5.8] band magnitude (ERRMAG3)magstat.errordoublenullable[8.0]? Spitzer/IRAC [8.0] band magnitude (MAG4)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umdoublenullablee_[8.0]? Error of the Spitzer/IRAC [8.0] band magnitude (ERRMAG4)magstat.errordoublenullable[3.4]? WISE [3.4] band magnitude (MAGW1)magphot.mag;em.IR.3-4umfloatnullablee_[3.4]? Error of the WISE [3.4] band magnitude (ERRMAGW1)magstat.errorfloatnullable[4.6]? WISE [4.6] band magnitude (MAGW2)magphot.mag;em.IR.4-8umfloatnullablee_[4.6]? Error of the WISE [4.6] band magnitude (ERRMAGW2)magstat.errorfloatnullable[12]? WISE [12] band magnitude (MAGW3)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.8-15umfloatnullablee_[12]? Error of the WISE [12] band magnitude (ERRMAGW3)magstat.errorfloatnullable[22]? WISE [22] band magnitude (MAGW4)magphot.flux.density;em.IR.15-30umfloatnullablee_[22]? Error of the WISE [22] band magnitude (ERRMAGW4)magstat.errorfloatnullablePlxStellar parallaxes from Gaia/EDR3 (PARALLAX)maspos.parallax.photdoublee_PlxError of the stellar parallaxes from Gaia/EDR3 (ERR_PARALLAX)masstat.error;pos.parallaxdoubleDisk[0/1] Equal to 1 for stars with disks (DISK)meta.codeintXMember[0/1] Equal to 1 for disk-less members (XMEMBER)meta.codeintSpMember[0/1] Equal to 1 for spectroscopic members (SPECTR_LITER)meta.codeintAVIndividual stellar extinction (AV)magphys.absorptiondoublee_AVError of the individual stellar extinction (ERRAV)magstat.errordoublelogAge? Log(10) of individual stellar age (AGE)log(Myr)time.agedoublenullablee_logAge? Error of the Log(10) of individual stellar age (ERRAGE)log(Myr)stat.error;time.agedoublenullableMass? Individual stellar mass (MASS)solMassphys.massdoublenullablee_Mass? Error of the individual stellar masssolMassstat.error;phys.massdoublenullableIPHASIPHAS/DR2 stellar designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (VPHAS_DES)meta.idcharVPHASVPHAS/DR2 (Cat. II/341) stellar designation (VPHASDR2 JHHMMSS.s+DDMMSS.s) (VPHAS_DES)meta.idcharDELGADO? Delgado et al. (2010A&A...509A.104D, Cat. J/A+A/509/A104) stellar designation (DELGADO_DES)meta.idnullableCOROT? CoRoT (Cat. B/corot) stellar designation (COROT_DES)meta.idlongnullableTWOMASS2MASS/PSC (Cat. II/246) stellar designation (HHMMSSss+DDMMSSs) (TWOMASS_DES)meta.idcharUKIDSS? UKIDSS/DR10 stellar designation (UKIDSS_DES)meta.idnullableIRAC? IRAC stellar designation (IRAC_DES)meta.idintnullableWISEAllWISE (Cat. II/328) Source Catalog stellar designation (JHHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (WISE_DES)meta.idcharACISStellar designation in the X-ray sources catalog (HHMMSS.ss+DDMMSS.s) (ACIS_DES)meta.id;meta.maincharGaiaDR2GAIA/DR2 (Cat. I/345) stellar designation (Gaia DR2 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN) (GAIADR2_DES)meta.idcharGaiaEDR3? GAIA/EDR3 (Cat. I/350) stellar designation (GAIAEDR3_DES)meta.idnullablePanStarrs? Pan-STARRS (Cat. II/349) stellar designation (PanStarrs_DES)meta.idnullable