J/A+A/646/A34ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/646/A34doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36460034CDSKoller F.Leitzinger M.Temmer M.Odert P.Beck P.G.Veronig A.2021-09-06T11:38:00Z2021-02-02T08:19:48ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-flareslate-type-starsnarrow-band-photometryatomic-spectroscopyThis work aims to detect and classify stellar flares and potential stellar coronal mass ejection (CME) signatures in optical spectra provided by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 14. The sample is constrained to all F, G, K, and M main-sequence type stars, resulting in more than 630000 stars. This work makes use of the individual spectral exposures provided by the SDSS. An automatic flare search was performed by detecting significant amplitude changes in the H{alpha} and H{beta} spectral lines after a Gaussian profile was fit to the line core. CMEs were searched for by identifying asymmetries in the Balmer lines caused by the Doppler effect of plasma motions in the line of sight. We identified 281 flares on late-type stars (spectral types K3-M9). We identified six possible CME candidates showing excess flux in Balmer line wings. Flare energies in H{alpha} were calculated and masses of the CME candidates were estimated. The derived H{alpha} flare energies range from 3x10^28^-2x10^33^erg. The H{alpha} flare energy increases with earlier types, while the fraction of flaring times increases with later types. Mass estimates for the CME candidates are in the range of 6x10^16^-6x10^18^g, and the highest projected velocities are ~300-700km/s. The low detection rate of CMEs we obtained agrees with previous studies, suggesting that for late-type main-sequence stars the CME occurrence rate that can be detected with optical spectroscopy is low.2021A&A...646A..34Khttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/646/A34CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/AJ/140/1402 : M dwarf flares from SDSS spectra (Hilton+, 2010)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/646/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/646/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/646/A34https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/646/A34https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/646/A34http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/646/A34GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/646/A34/tablec (Flaring star and flare properties)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/646/A34/tablec?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/646/A34/tablec?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/646/A34/tablec?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true146.83368-0.335970.0055555555555555566/0 726 1049 1082-1083 1168 1678 4096 4128 4189 4196 4230 4320 4347 4410 4418 4439 4465 4469-4470 4526 4590 4625 4642 4687 4720-4721 4774 4865 4867 4880 4892 4909 4912 4947 4955 4970 4986 4997 5002 5014 5096 5105 5130-5131 5134 5152 5187-5188 5197 5251-5252 5447 5452 5474 5507 5549 5650 5666 5674 5710 5719 5744 5775 5802 5815 5834 5922 6220 6254 6358-6359 6403 6453 6486 6529 6546 6555 6566 7181 7189 7254 7257 7259 7366 7439-7440 7456 8355 8507 8510 8516 8519 8534 8560 8578 8716 8735 8798 8852 8889 8893 9052 9087 9145 9189 9231 9271 9368 9382 9410-9411 9422 9452 9738 9770 9844 9878 9903 9975 10209 10257 10262 10499 10572 10690 10782 10819 10850 10861 10881 11081 11232 11428 11433 11446 11456 11478 11504 11514 11796 11798 11821 11855 11922 17251 17371 17510 17512 17556 17727 17767 17813 17816 17826 17829 17840 17912 18002 18004 18007 18019-18020 18024-18025 18028 18034 18069-18071 18076 18751 18775 18788 18865 18948 19036 19054 19098 19200 19457 19755 21774 21887 22000 22005 22014 22186 22366 22389 22655 22829 22831 22862-22863 22875 22878 22884 22886 22897 23050 23144 23196 23198 23203 23207 23211-23212 23539 23545-23547 26036 26083 26230 26279 26321 26498 26587 27056 27242 27253 27289 27322 27356 27449 27457-27458 27510 27632 27648 27672 27708 27888 27970 28075 28083 28111 28161 28274 28536 28553 28570 28578 28614 28644 30038 31340 31372 31488 31619 31621 31686 31700 31718-31719 31721 31724 31742 32459 36727 36729 36777 45055https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/646/A34?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/646/A34/tablecFlaring star and flare propertiesNexpNumber of exposures (11)meta.numberintrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000SDSS right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000SDSS declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainP-MJD-FSDSS Plate-MJD-Fiber Identifiermeta.id;meta.maincharMethodMethod used (1)meta.notecharS/NbinSignal to Noise ratio bin (2)stat.snrcharSpTypeSpectral typesrc.spTypecharr_SpTypeSpectral type source (3)meta.ref;pos.framecharSpTypeSDSSSpectral type by SDSSsrc.spTypecharDist? Distance (4)pcpos.distancefloatnullabler_DistDistance source (5)meta.ref;pos.framecharQuiet[0/2]? Quiet flag (6)meta.codeintnullableFlareEvolFlare evolution estimates (7)meta.codecharConsiderConsideration flag (8)meta.codecharH2010Flare present in Hilton et al., 2010, Cat. J/AJ/140/1402(9)meta.codecharPlatequalPlate quality by SDSS (10)meta.code.qualcharEHaFlare? Flare energy in Halpha (in W/s unit)Jphys.energyfloatnullablee_EHaFlare? Flare energy error in Halpha (in W/s unit)Jstat.errorfloatnullableLHaFlare? Peak flare luminosity in HalphaWphys.luminosity;em.line.Halphafloatnullablee_LHaFlare? Peak flare luminosity error in HalphaWstat.errorfloatnullableNflSpecNumber of flaring spectra (12)meta.numberintNRefspecNumber of reference spectrum (13)meta.number;phys.atmol.numberintNPeakspecNumber of flare peak spectrum (14)meta.numberintFltimeallSummed time of flaring spectra (15)mintime.epochintCommentsComments (16)meta.notecharSpInteractive spectrum from SDSS-DR14meta.ref.urlchar