J/A+A/643/A148ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A148doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36430148CDSGalli P.A.B.Bouy H.Olivares J.Miret-Roig N.Vieira R.G.Sarro L.M.,Barrado D.Berihuete A.Bertout C.Bertin E.Cuillandre J.C.2022-11-22T08:54:59Z2020-11-16T07:12:55ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-associationsopen-star-clustersstellar-distancestellar-ageseffective-temperatureLupus is recognised as one of the closest star-forming regions, but the lack of trigonometric parallaxes in the pre-Gaia era hampered many studies on the kinematic properties of this region and led to incomplete censuses of its stellar population. We use the second data release of the Gaia space mission combined with published ancillary radial velocity data to revise the census of stars and investigate the 6D structure of the Lupus complex. Methods: We performed a new membership analysis of the Lupus association based on astrometric and photometric data over a field of 160deg^2^ around the main molecular clouds of the complex and compared the properties of the various subgroups in this region. We identified 137 high-probability members of the Lupus association of young stars, including 47 stars that had never been reported as members before. Many of the historically known stars associated with the Lupus region identified in previous studies are more likely to be field stars or members of the adjacent Scorpius-Centaurus association. Our new sample of members covers the magnitude and mass range from G~=8 to G~=18mag and from 0.03 to 2.4M_{sun}_, respectively. We compared the kinematic properties of the stars projected towards the molecular clouds Lupus 1 to 6 and showed that these subgroups are located at roughly the same distance (about 160~pc) and move with the same spatial velocity. Our age estimates inferred from stellar models show that the Lupus subgroups are coeval (with median ages ranging from about 1 to 3Myr). The Lupus association appears to be younger than the population of young stars in the Corona-Australis star-forming region recently investigated by our team using a similar methodology. The initial mass function of the Lupus association inferred from the distribution of spectral types shows little variation compared to other star-forming regions. In this paper, we provide an updated sample of cluster members based on Gaia data and construct the most complete picture of the 3D structure and 3D space motion of the Lupus complex.2020A&A...643A.148Ghttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/643/A148CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toI/345 : Gaia DR2 (Gaia Collaboration, 2018)J/A+A/320/185 : UBVRIcJHKL photometry in Lup (Wichmann+ 1997)J/A+A/529/A108 : Lupus clouds proper motion study with VO (Lopez Marti+, 2011)J/MNRAS/331/474 : ubvy{beta} photometry in the Lupus dark cloud (Franco, 2002)J/A+A/580/A26 : T Tauri star population in Lupus (Galli+, 2015)J/A+A/602/A33 : X-Shooter spectroscopy of YSOs in Lupus (Frasca+, 2017)J/A+A/600/A20 : Lupus YSOs X-shooter spectroscopy (Alcala+, 2017)J/A+A/619/A52 : Dense cores and YSOs in Lupus complex (Benedettini+, 2018)J/AJ/159/200 : YSOs objects in Lupus star-forming region (Melton, 2020)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/643/A148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/643/A148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/643/A148https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/643/A148https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/643/A148http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/643/A148GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/643/A148/tablea1 (Properties of the 137 Lupus members)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/643/A148/tablea1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/643/A148/tablea1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/643/A148/tablea1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true234.8656667-34.77155560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/643/A148/tablea4 (Stellar parameters of Lupus stars)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/643/A148/tablea4?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/643/A148/tablea4?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/643/A148/tablea4?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true234.8657156-34.77144690.0055555555555555565/10652 6/42571-42572 42574-42575 42586 42593 42595 42597-42600 42605 42613-42615 42617-42618 42621 42688 42704-42705 42707 42709-42710 42713-42714 42716-42717 42725 42727 42736-42737 42760 42784 42888https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/643/A148?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/643/A148/tablea1Properties of the 137 Lupus membersplxParallaxmaspos.parallax.trigfloate_dLower uncertainty of the distancepcstat.errorfloatUgal? U-velocity componentkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.xfloatnullableE_Ugal? Upper uncertainty of U-velocity componentkm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Ugal? Lower uncertainty of U-velocity componentkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableVgal? V-velocity componentkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.yfloatnullableE_Vgal? Upper uncertainty of V-velocity componentkm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Vgal? Lower uncertainty of V-velocity componentkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableWgal? W-velocity componentkm/sphys.veloc;pos.cartesian.zfloatnullableE_Wgal? Upper uncertainty of W-velocity componentkm/sstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_Wgal? Lower uncertainty of W-velocity componentkm/sstat.errorfloatnullableCloudMolecular cloud of the Lupus complexmeta.id.parentcharSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RA.icrsRight ascension (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.ranullableindexed_DE.icrsDeclination (ICRS) at Epoch=J2000, proper motions taken into accountpos.eq.decnullableindexedrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Source identifier from Gaia-DR2 cataloguemeta.id;meta.mainRA_ICRSRight ascension (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDE_ICRSDeclination (ICRS) at Ep=2015.5pos.eq.dec;meta.mainpmRAProper motion in right ascension, pmRA*cosDEmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.rafloate_pmRAUncertainty of proper motion in right ascensionmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.rafloatpmDEProper motion in declinationmas/yrpos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_pmDEUncertainty of proper motion in declinationmas/yrstat.error;pos.pm;pos.eq.decfloate_plxUncertainty of parallaxmasstat.error;pos.parallaxfloatRUWERUWEstat.errorfloatprob[0/1] Membership probability (from zero to one)stat.probabilityfloatRV? Radial velocitykm/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloatnullablee_RV? Uncertainty of radial velocitykm/sstat.errorfloatnullabler_RV[1/5]? Reference for radial velocity (1)meta.ref;pos.frameintnullabledDistancepcpos.distancefloatE_dUpper uncertainty of the distancepcstat.error;stat.maxfloatalpha? SED spectral indexspect.indexfloatnullablee_alpha? Uncertainty of the SED spectral indexstat.error;pos.eq.rafloatnullableSEDSED classificationmeta.code.class;src.classcharJ/A+A/643/A148/tablea2Membership probability for p_in thresholdsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Source identifier from Gaia-DR2 cataloguemeta.id;meta.mainP050Probability derived from p_in=0.5 solutionstat.fit.goodnessdoubleP060Probability derived from p_in=0.6 solutionstat.fit.goodnessdoubleP070Probability derived from p_in=0.7 solutionstat.fit.goodnessdoubleP080Probability derived from p_in=0.8 solutionstat.fit.goodnessdoubleP090Probability derived from p_in=0.9 solutionstat.fit.goodnessdoubleJ/A+A/643/A148/tablea3Empirical isochrone of the Lupus associationrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRPmagRP magnitude from Gaia-DR2magphot.mag;em.opt.RdoubleG-RPG-RP colour from Gaia-DR2magphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleJ/A+A/643/A148/tablea4Stellar parameters of Lupus starstSDF00? Age from SDF00 modelsMyrtime.agefloatnullableE_tSDF00? Upper uncertainty in the age from SDF00Myrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_tSDF00? Lower uncertainty in the age from SDF00Myrstat.errorfloatnullableSimbadSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.ref.urlchar_RAPosition J2000 from Gaiai DR2 (right ascension part)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEPosition J2000 from Gaiai DR2 (declination part)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintGaiaDR2Source identifier from Gaia-DR2 cataloguemeta.id;meta.mainTeffEffective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectiveinte_TeffUncertainty of effective temperatureKstat.error;phys.temperature.effectiveintlogLLogarithm of the luminositylog(solLum)phys.luminosityfloatE_logLUpper uncertainty of logLlog(solLum)stat.error;stat.maxfloate_logLLower uncertainty of logLlog(solLum)stat.errorfloatAvExtinctionmagphys.absorptionfloattBHAC15? Age from BHAC15 modelsMyrtime.agefloatnullableE_tBHAC15? Upper uncertainty in the age from BHAC15Myrstat.error;stat.maxfloatnullablee_tBHAC15? Lower uncertainty in the age from BHAC15Myrstat.errorfloatnullable