J/A+A/643/A112ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/643/A112doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36430112CDSStock S.Nagel E.Kemmer J.Passegger V.M.Reffert S.Quirrenbach A.,Caballero J.A.Czesla S.Bejar V.J.S.Cardona C.Diez-Alonso E.,Herrero E.Lalitha S.Schlecker M.Tal-Or L.Rodriguez E.,Rodriguez-Lopez C.Ribas I.Reiners A.Amado P.J.Bauer F.F.,Bluhm P.Cortes-Contreras M.Gonzalez-Cuesta L.Dreizler S.Hatzes A.P.,Henning T.Jeffers S.V.Kaminski A.Kuerster M.Lafarga M.,Lopez-Gonzalez M.J.Montes D.Morales J.C.Pedraz S.Schoefer P.,Schweitzer A.Trifonov T.Zapatero Osorio M.R.Zechmeister M.2021-09-09T08:29:45Z2020-11-10T08:37:04ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmultiple-starsm-starsexoplanetsradial-velocityvisible-astronomyWe announce the discovery of two planets orbiting the M dwarfs GJ 251 (0.360+/-0.015M_{sun}_) and HD 238090 (0.578+/-0.021M_{sun}_) based on CARMENES radial velocity (RV) data. In addition, we independently confirm with CARMENES data the existence of Lalande 21185 b, a planet that has recently been discovered with the SOPHIE spectrograph. All three planets belong to the class of warm or temperate super-Earths and share similar properties. The orbital periods are 14.24d, 13.67d, and 12.95d and the minimum masses are 4.0+/-0.4M_{sun}_, 6.9+/-0.9M_{sun}_, and 2.7+/-0.3M_{sun}_ for GJ 251 b, HD 238090 b, and Lalande 21185 b, respectively. Based on the orbital and stellar properties, we estimate equilibrium temperatures of 351.0+/-1.4K for GJ 251 b, 469.6+/-2.6K for HD 238090 b, and 370.1+/-6.8K for Lalande 21185 b. For the latter we resolve the daily aliases that were present in the SOPHIE data and that hindered an unambiguous determination of the orbital period. We find no significant signals in any of our spectral activity indicators at the planetary periods. The RV observations were accompanied by contemporaneous photometric observations. We derive stellar rotation periods of 122.1+/-2.2d and 96.7+/-3.7d for GJ 251 and HD 238090, respectively. The RV data of all three stars exhibit significant signals at the rotational period or its first harmonic. For GJ 251 and Lalande 21185, we also find long-period signals around 600d, and 2900d, respectively, which we tentatively attribute to long-term magnetic cycles. We apply a Bayesian approach to carefully model the Keplerian signals simultaneously with the stellar activity using Gaussian process regression models and extensively search for additional significant planetary signals hidden behind the stellar activity. Current planet formation theories suggest that the three systems represent a common architecture, consistent with formation following the core accretion paradigm.2020A&A...643A.112Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/643/A112CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/643/A112https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/643/A112http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/643/A112https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/643/A112https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/643/A112http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/643/A112GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapOpticaldefaultJ/A+A/643/A112/tabled1CARMENES VIS RVs and some activity indicators of GJ251recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatCRXChromatic Indexm/sspect.indexfloate_CRXChromatic Index uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatdLWDifferential line widthspect.line.width;arith.difffloate_dLWDifferential line width uncertaintystat.errorfloatHaHalpha indexspect.indexfloate_HaHalpha index uncertaintystat.errorfloatJ/A+A/643/A112/tabled2CARMENES VIS RVs and some activity indicators of HD 238090recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatCRXChromatic Indexm/sspect.indexfloate_CRXChromatic Index uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatdLWDifferential line widthspect.line.width;arith.difffloate_dLWDifferential line width uncertaintystat.errorfloatHaHalpha indexspect.indexfloate_HaHalpha index uncertaintystat.errorfloatJ/A+A/643/A112/tabled3CARMENES VIS RVs and some activity indicators of Lalande 21185HaHalpha indexspect.indexfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintBJDBarycentric Julian datedtime.epochdoubleRVRadial velocitym/sphys.veloc;pos.heliocentricfloate_RVRadial velocity uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatCRXChromatic Indexm/sspect.indexfloate_CRXChromatic Index uncertaintym/sstat.errorfloatdLWDifferential line widthspect.line.width;arith.difffloate_dLWDifferential line width uncertaintystat.errorfloate_HaHalpha index uncertaintystat.errorfloat