J/A+A/642/A216ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/642/A216doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36420216CDSSperling T.Eisloeffel J.Fischer C.Nisini B.Giannini T.Krabbe A.2021-01-19T11:51:42Z2020-10-22T12:34:40ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frpre-main-sequence-starsinfrared-astronomyWe present SOFIA/FIFI-LS observations of five prototypical, low-mass Class I outflows (HH111, SVS13, HH26, HH34, HH30) in the far-infrared [OI]63um and [OI]145um transitions. Spectroscopic [OI]63um,145um maps enable us to study the spatial extent of warm, low-excitation atomic gas within outflows driven by Class I protostars. These [OI] maps may potentially allow us to measure the mass-loss rates (dM/dt_jet_) of this warm component of the atomic jet. A fundamental tracer of warm (i.e. T~500-1500K), low-excitation atomic gas is the [OI]63um emission line, which is predicted to be the main coolant of dense dissociative J-type shocks caused by decelerated wind or jet shocks associated with protostellar outflows. Under these conditions, the [O I]63um line can be directly connected to the instantaneous mass ejection rate.Thus, by utilising spectroscopic [OI]63um maps, we wish to determine the atomic mass flux rate dM/dt_jet_ ejected from our target outflows. Strong [OI]63um emission is detected at the driving sources HH111IRS, HH34IRS, SVS13, as well as at the bow shock region, HH7. The detection of the [OI]63um line at HH26A and HH8/HH10 can be attributed to jet deflection regions. The far-infrared counterpart of the optical jet is detected in [OI]63um only for HH111, but not for HH34. We interpret the [OI]63um emission at HH111IRS, HH34IRS, and SVS13 to be coming primarily from a decelerated wind shock, whereas multiple internal shocks within the HH111 jet may cause most of the [O I]63um emission seen there. At HH30, no [O I]63um,145um was detected. The [OI]145um line detection is at noise level almost everywhere in our obtained maps. The observed outflow rates of our Class I sample are to the order of dM/dt_jet_~10^-6^M_{sun}_/yr, if proper shock conditions prevail. Independent calculations connecting the [OI]63um line luminosity and observable jet parameters with the mass-loss rate are consistent with the applied shock model and lead to similar mass-loss rates. Wediscuss applicability and caveats of both methods. High-quality spectroscopic [OI]63um maps of protostellar outflows at the jet driving source potentially allow a clear determination of the mass ejection rate.2020A&A...642A.216Shttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/642/A216CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A216https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A216http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/642/A216https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A216https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A216http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/642/A216GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/642/A216/table1 (Target information)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A216/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A216/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A216/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.9420832.8083330.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/642/A216/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A216/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A216/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/642/A216/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true87.959672.80950.0055555555555555566/862 21436 22873 23549 23562https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/642/A216?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/642/A216/table1Target informationSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintSourceSource namemeta.id;meta.maincharCloudCloud namemeta.id.parentcharRAJ20002MASS Right ascension (J2000)pos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ20002MASS Declination (J2000)pos.eq.dec;meta.mainDistDistance (1)pcpos.distanceintLbolBolemetric luminosity, or lower value of bolometric luminosity interval (2)solLumphys.luminosityfloatLbol2? Upper value of bolometric luminosity intervalsolLumphys.luminosityfloatnullablen_Lbol[defgh] Note on Lbol (3)meta.notecharPAPosition angledegpos.posAngintJ/A+A/642/A216/table2SOFIA flight information and chosen ATRAN parameters for the five observed targetsrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameObject namemeta.id;meta.maincharObs.dateObservation datetime.epoch;obsnullableFlightFlight numbermeta.id;obsintObs.timeTotal effective on source integration timemintime.expointthetaZenith angledegposintHFlight height (in kft unit)instr.paramintwvpWater vapour overburdenuminstr.paramintJ/A+A/642/A216/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar