J/A+A/640/A52ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A52doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36400052CDSFuhrmeister B.Czesla S.Hildebrandt L.Nagel E.Schmitt J.H.M.M.,Jeffers S.V.Caballero J.A.Hintz D.Johnson E.N.Schoefer P.,Zechmeister M.Reiners A.Ribas I.Amado P.J.Quirrenbach A.,Nortmann L.Bauer F.F.Bejar V.J.S.Cortes-Contreras M.Dreizler S.,Galadi-Enriquez D.Hatzes A.P.Kaminski A.Kuerster M.Lafarga M.,Montes D.2020-10-12T12:37:59Z2020-08-10T07:42:25ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frm-starsinfrared-astronomyspectroscopyThe HeI infrared (IR) triplet at 10830{AA} is an important activity indicator for the Sun and in solar-type stars, however, it has rarely been studied in relation to M dwarfs to date. In this study, we use the time-averaged spectra of 319 single stars with spectral types ranging from M0.0 V to M9.0V obtained with the CARMENES high resolution optical and near-infrared spectrograph at Calar Alto to study the properties of the HeI IR triplet lines. In quiescence, we find the triplet in absorption with a decrease of the measured pseudo equivalent width (pEW) towards later sub-types. For stars later than M5.0 V, the HeI triplet becomes undetectable in our study. This dependence on effective temperature may be related to a change in chromospheric conditions along the Mdwarf sequence. When an emission in the triplet is observed, we attribute it to flaring. The absence of emission during quiescence is consistent with line formation by photo-ionisation and recombination, while flare emission may be caused by collisions within dense material. The HeI triplet tends to increase in depth according to increasing activity levels, ultimately becoming filled in; however, we do not find a correlation between the pEW(He IR) and X-ray properties. This behaviour may be attributed to the absence of very inactive stars (LX/Lbol<-5.5) in our sample or to the complex behaviour with regard to increasing depth and filling in.2020A&A...640A..52Fhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A52CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/A+A/632/A24 : HeI IR triplet measurements for M dwarfs (Fuhrmeister+, 2019)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A52https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A52https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A52http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A52GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/640/A52/table2 (HeI infrared triplet variability measurements)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A52/table2?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A52/table2?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A52/table2?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true1.295371745.78656670.0055555555555555566/22 131 250 497 546 624 725 778 811 1032-1033 1357 1628 1672 1822 1875 1938 2515 2545 2681 2737 2747 2922 3031 3266 3345 3374 3658 3682 3715 3791 4033 4145 4444 4518 4595 4867 5000 5009 5041 5207 5241 5343 5420 5488 5534 5590 5849 6384 6552 6672 6676 6809 6894 6980 7003 7103 7181 7262 7264 7395 7428 7471 7510 7611 7775 7837 7921 7937 7940 7980 8023 8032 8123 8163 8208 8240 8281 8331 8394 8562 8627 8733 8843 8915 9188 9471 9529 9578 9597 10004 10037 10149 10225 10278 10448 10464-10465 10694-10695 10901 10999 11044 11177 11255 11403 11671 11962 12140 12184 12191 12621 12732 12865 13427 13451 13567 13688 13743 13875 13912 14277 14515 14709 14781 14850 14985 14993-14994 15052 15078 15346 15355 15431 15548 15602 15635 15763 15792 15960 16754 16758 17020 17271 17302 17348 17412 17606 17870 18195 18440 18496 18553 18761 18789 18942 19050 19064 19131 19306 19352 19879 20023 20100 20109 20311 20459 20472 20795 20839 20896 21051 21151 21171 21427 21747 21953 21969 22014 22222 22277 22289 22309 22626 22645 22709 22807 22942 23014 23094 23363 23453 23564 23718 23731 23735 23743 23867 23910 23997 24213 24227 24231 24239 24977 24995 25009 25363 25388 25512 25528 25849 25989 26327 26487 26538 26560 26563 26583 26699 26731 26757 26772 26821 26972 27201 27289 27320 27392 27419 27459 27462 27730 27734 27762 27787 27820 27912 28223 28341 28343 28548 28646 28955 29146 29170 29458 29684 30011 30345 30429 30455 30490 30505 30613 30771 30833 30893 31014 31019 31191 31229 31642 31686 31767 31781 31803 31811 32033 32076 32115 32329 32335 32392 32458 32491 32541 32753 36732 40250 40359 40386 40435-40436 40505 40513 40610 40623 40941 44378 44518 44696 44728 44921 44936-44937 44967 48485 48500 48801 48906 48935 48958 49101https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/640/A52?format=asciiInfrareddefaultJ/A+A/640/A52/table2HeI infrared triplet variability measurementsSimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharp(Ha-Ca)p-value H{alpha} and CaII IRTstat.fit.goodnessfloatp(He-HeD3)p-value HeI IR and HeI D_3_stat.fit.goodnessfloatrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintKarmnCARMENES identification numbermeta.id;meta.maincharcorr(He-Ha)Correlation coefficient HeI IR and H{alpha}stat.fit.paramfloatp(He-Ha)p-value HeI IR and Halphastat.fit.goodnessfloatcorr(He-HeD3)Correlation coefficient He I IR and HeI D_3stat.fit.paramfloatcorr(He-Ca)Correlation coefficient HeI IR and CaII IRTstat.fit.paramfloatp(He-Ca)p-value HeI IR and CaII IRTstat.fit.goodnessfloatcorr(Ha-Ca)Correlation coefficient Halpha and CaII IRTstat.fit.paramfloatmean(pEW(He))Mean pEW(HeI IR)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatmean(pEW(Ha))Mean pEW(H{alpha})0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatmean(pEW(HeD3))Mean pEW(HeI D_3_)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatmean(pEW(Ca))Mean pEW(CaII IRT)0.1nmspect.line.eqWidthfloatMAD(pEW(He))Median absolute deviation (MAD) pEW(HeI IR)0.1nmstat.stdevfloatMAD(pEW(Ha))Median absolute deviation (MAD) pEW(H{alpha})0.1nmstat.stdevfloatMAD(pEW(HeD3))Median absolute deviation (MAD) pEW(HeI D_3_)0.1nmstat.stdevfloatMAD(pEW(Ca))Median absolute deviation (MAD) pEW(CaII IRT)0.1nmstat.stdevfloat_RARight Ascension (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.ra;meta.main_DEDeclination (J2000) from SIMBAD (not part of the original data)degpos.eq.dec;meta.main