J/A+A/640/A27ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/640/A27doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36400027CDSvan Terwisga S.E.van Dishoeck E.F.Mann R.K.Di Francesco J.,van der Marel N.Meyer M.Andrews S.M.Carpenter J.Eisner J.A.,Manara C.F.Williams J.P.2020-10-12T12:20:57Z2020-08-05T08:12:27ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstar-forming-regionspre-main-sequence-starsmillimeter-astronomysubmillimeter-astronomystellar-massesstellar-radiiProtoplanetary disks in dense, massive star-forming regions (SFRs) are strongly affected by their environment. How this environmental impact changes over time is an important constraint on disk evolution and external photoevaporation models. We characterized the dust emission from 179 disks in the core of the young (0.5Myr) NGC 2024 cluster. By studying how the disk mass varies within the cluster, and comparing these disks to those in other regions, we determined how external photoevaporation influences disk properties over time. Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), a 2.9'x2.9' mosaic centered on NGC 2024 FIR 3 was observed at 225GHz with a resolution of 0.25'', or ~100AU. It contains 179 disks identified at IR wavelengths, 7 new disk candidates, and several protostars. Of the disks in the sample, 57 are detected. The overall detection rate is 32+/-4%. Few of the disks are resolved, with the exception of a giant (R=300AU) transition disk. Serendipitously, we observe a millimeter flare from an X-ray bright Young Stellar Object (YSO), and resolve continuum emission from a Class 0 YSO in the FIR 3 core. Two distinct disk populations are present: a more massive one in the east, along the dense molecular ridge hosting the FIR 1-5 YSOs, with a detection rate of 45+/-7%. In the western population, towards IRS 1, only 15+/-4% of disks are detected. NGC 2024 hosts two distinct disk populations. Disks along the dense molecular ridge are young (0.2-0.5Myr) and partly shielded from the FUV radiation of IRS 2b; their masses are similar to isolated 1-3Myr old SFRs. The western population is older and at lower extinctions, and may be affected by external photoevaporation from both IRS 1 and IRS 2b. It is, however, possible these disks had lower masses to begin with.2020A&A...640A..27Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/640/A27CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJ/598/375 : Chandra X-ray observations of NGC 2024 (Skinner+, 2003)J/AJ/126/1665 : NICMOS observations of NGC 2024 (Liu+, 2003)J/ApJ/646/1215 : Low-mass stars and brown dwarfs in NGC 2024 (Levine+, 2006)J/ApJ/787/109 : Age estimates for NGC 2024 and ONC stars (Getman+, 2014)J/ApJ/802/77 : Protoplanetary disk masses in NGC 2024 cluster (Mann+, 2015)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/640/A27https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A27https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A27http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/640/A27GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/640/A27/table1 (Continuum fluxes and masses for detected disks)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/table1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/table1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/table1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.440875-1.908333060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/640/A27/tableb1 (3-sigma continuum flux and mass upper limits for nondetected disks)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/tableb1?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/tableb1?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/tableb1?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.44266694-1.896666940.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/640/A27/list (List of fits images)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/640/A27/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true85.41874-1.904520.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/640/A276/228551.4908656533193022e-22 1.4908656533193022e-22https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/640/A27?format=asciiMillimeterdefaultJ/A+A/640/A27/table1Continuum fluxes and masses for detected disksDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintT2indicates parameters for resolved disks in table 2meta.ref.urlcharNameSource ID (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharprimaryRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainFluxContinuum flux at 225GHzmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloate_FluxContinuum flux at 225GHz errormJystat.error;phot.fluxfloatMass? Inferred disk mass (in M_earth_ units)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.massfloatnullablee_Mass? Inferred disk mass error (in M_earth_ units)(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.error;phys.massfloatnullableJ/A+A/640/A27/table2Radii, position angles, and inclinations for resolved disksrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource ID (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRmajDisk major axisAUphys.sizeinte_RmajError on major axisAUstat.errorintPADisk position angledegpos.posAnginte_PA? Disk position angle errordegstat.errorfloatnullableincDisk inclinationdegsrc.orbital.inclinationinte_inc? Error on disk inclinationdegstat.errorfloatnullableJ/A+A/640/A27/tableb13-sigma continuum flux and mass upper limits for nondetected disksrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintNameSource ID (G1)meta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainl_Flux[1] Upper limit flag on Flux (1 for upper limit)meta.code.error;phot.fluxintFlux3-sigma continuum flux at 225GHz upper limitmJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.200-400GHzfloatl_Mass[1] Upper limit flag on Mass (1 for upper limit)meta.code.error;phys.massintMass3-sigma mass upper limit (in M_earth_ units)(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass;stat.maxfloatJ/A+A/640/A27/listList of fits imagesrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintNzNumber of pixels along Z-axismeta.numbercharsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitschar