J/A+A/628/A85ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/628/A85doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36280085CDSvan Terwisga S.E.Hacar A.van Dishoeck E.F.2021-01-08T16:57:39Z2019-08-12T08:05:31ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frmolecular-cloudspre-main-sequence-starsstellar-massesThe mass evolution of protoplanetary disks is driven by internal processes and by external factors such as photoevaporation. Disentangling these two effects, however, remains difficult. We measured the dust masses of a sample of 132 disks in the Orion Molecular Cloud 2 (OMC-2) region, and compared them to externally photoevaporated disks in the Trapezium cluster, and to disks in nearby low-mass star-forming regions (SFRs). This allowed us to test whether initial disk properties are the same in high- and low-mass SFRs, and enabled a direct measurement of the effect of external photoevaporation on disks. A ~20'x4'mosaic of 3mm continuum observations from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) was used to measure the fluxes of 132 disks and 35 protostars >0.5pc away from the Trapezium. We identify and characterize a sample of 34 point sources not included in the Spitzer catalog on which the sample is based. Of the disks, 37 (28%) are detected, and have masses ranging from 7-270M_{sun}_. The detection rate for protostars is higher (69%). Disks near the Trapezium are found to be less massive by a factor 0.18^+0.18^_-0.11), implying a mass loss rate of 8x10^-8^M_{sun}_/yr. Our observations allow us to distinguish the impact of time and environment on disk evolution in a single SFR. The disk mass distribution in OMC-2 is statistically indistinguishable from that in nearby low-mass SFRs like Lupus and Taurus. We conclude that age is the main factor that determines the evolution of these disks. This result is robust with respect to assumptions of dust temperature, sample incompleteness, and biases. The difference between the OMC-2 and Trapezium cluster samples is consistent with mass loss driven by far-ultraviolet radiation near the Trapezium. Taken together, this implies that in isolation disk formation and evolution proceed similarly, regardless of cloud mass.2019A&A...628A..85Vhttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/628/A85CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic serviceIsServedByConesearch servicerelated-toJ/ApJS/160/353 : Membership of the Orion nebula population (Getman+, 2005)J/AJ/144/192 : Spitzer survey of Orion A & B. I. YSO catalog (Megeath+, 2012)J/A+A/587/A153 : VISION I. VISTA Orion A Survey (Meingast+, 2016)J/A+A/600/A141 : Orion A integral shaped filament image (Kainulainen+, 2017)https://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/628/A85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/628/A85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/628/A85https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/628/A85https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/628/A85http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/628/A85GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapCone search capability for table J/A+A/628/A85/list (Information on fits image)https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/list?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/list?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/list?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.83327-5.250060.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/628/A85/disks (Disks data (table 1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/disks?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/disks?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/disks?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.8499166667-5.131388888890.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/628/A85/prtstars (Protostars data (table A1))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/prtstars?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/prtstars?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/prtstars?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.865125-5.159305555560.005555555555555556Cone search capability for table J/A+A/628/A85/unknown (Objects detected in the ALMA data without counterparts in Megeath et al. (2012, J/AJ/144/192) data (table A2))https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/unknown?https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/unknown?http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/conesearch/J/A+A/628/A85/unknown?GETtext/xml+votable180.050000true83.8389817736859-5.221624973469710.005555555555555556Associated datahttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/assocdata/?obs_collection=J/A+A/628/A856/21439 228056.621485433431823e-23 6.621485433431823e-23https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/moc/J/A+A/628/A85?format=asciidefaultJ/A+A/628/A85/listInformation on fits imagerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintRAJ2000Right Ascension of center (J2000)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination of center (J2000)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainNxNumber of pixels along X-axismeta.numberintNyNumber of pixels along Y-axismeta.numberintObs.dateObservation datestime.epoch;obsnullableFreqObserved frequencyGHzem.freqfloatsizeSize of FITS fileKibytephys.size;meta.fitsintFileNameName of FITS file, in subdirectory fitsmeta.id;meta.fitscharTitleTitle of the FITS filemeta.title;meta.fitscharJ/A+A/628/A85/disksDisks data (table 1)SimbadNameSimbad column added by the CDSmeta.idcharrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDRank (when sorted by flux or S/N) of objectmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF3mm3mm continuum fluxJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHz;spect.continuumdoublee_F3mm3mm continuum flux errorJystat.errordoubleM? Continuum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass;spect.continuumdoublenullablee_MError on continuum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/628/A85/prtstarsProtostars data (table A1)RAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDRank (when sorted by flux or S/N) of objectmeta.id;meta.maincharDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF3mm3mm continuum fluxJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHz;spect.continuumdoublee_F3mm3mm continuum flux errorJystat.errordoubleM? Continuum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass;spect.continuumdoublenullablee_MError on continuum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoubleJ/A+A/628/A85/unknownObjects detected in the ALMA data without counterparts in Megeath et al. (2012, J/AJ/144/192) data (table A2)recnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintIDRank (when sorted by flux or S/N) of objectmeta.id;meta.maincharRAJ2000Right ascension (J2000.0)degpos.eq.ra;meta.mainDEJ2000Declination (J2000.0)degpos.eq.dec;meta.mainF3mm3mm continuum fluxJyphot.flux.density;em.mm.50-100GHz;spect.continuumdoublee_F3mm3mm continuum flux errorJystat.errordoubleM? Continuum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)phys.mass;spect.continuumdoublenullablee_MError on continuum mass(5.97236x10+24kg)stat.errordoubleComSurveys with detections of the object, for unknown.dat file only (1)meta.codechar