J/A+A/625/A87ivo://CDS.VizieR/J/A+A/625/A87doi:10.26093/cds/vizier.36250087CDSCamisassa M.E.Althaus L.G.CorsicoA.H.De Geronimo F.C.,Miller Bertolami M.M.Novarino M.L.Rohrmann R.D.Wachlin F.C.,Garcia-Berro E.2019-06-06T05:33:38Z2019-05-17T12:18:53ZCDS support team

CDS, Observatoire de Strasbourg, 11 rue de l'Universite, F-67000 Strasbourg, France

cds-question@unistra.frstellar-evolutionary-modelswhite-dwarf-starsstellar-agesUltra-massive white dwarfs are powerful tools to study various physical processes in the Asymptotic Giant Branch (AGB), type Ia supernova explosions and the theory of crystallization through white dwarf asteroseismology. Despite the interest in these white dwarfs, there are few evolutionary studies in the literature devoted to them. Here, we present new ultra-massive white dwarf evolutionary sequences that constitute an improvement over previous ones. In these new sequences, we take into account for the first time the process of phase separation expected during the crystallization stage of these white dwarfs, by relying on the most up-to-date phase diagram of dense oxygen/neon mixtures. Realistic chemical profiles resulting from the full computation of progenitor evolution during the semidegenerate carbon burning along the super-AGB phase are also considered in our sequences. Outer boundary conditions for our evolving models are provided by detailed non-gray white dwarf model atmospheres for hydrogen and helium composition. We assessed the impact of all these improvements on the evolutionary properties of ultra-massive white dwarfs, providing up-dated evolutionary sequences for these stars. We conclude that crystallization is expected to affect the majority of the massive white dwarfs observed with effective temperatures below 40000K. Moreover, the calculation of the phase separation process induced by crystallization is necessary to accurately determine the cooling age and the mass-radius relation of massive white dwarfs. We also provide colors in the GAIA photometric bands for our H-rich white dwarf evolutionary sequences on the basis of new models atmospheres. Finally, these new white dwarf sequences provide a new theoretical frame to perform asteroseismological studies on the recently detected ultra-massive pulsating white dwarfs.2019A&A...625A..87Chttps://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/625/A87CatalogResearchIsServedByTAP VizieR generic servicehttps://cds.unistra.fr/vizier-org/licences_vizier.htmlhttps://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/625/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/625/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/VizieR-2?-source=J/A+A/625/A87https://vizier.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/625/A87https://vizier.iucaa.in/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/625/A87http://vizieridia.saao.ac.za/viz-bin/votable?-source=J/A+A/625/A87GETtext/xml+votablehttps://tapvizier.cds.unistra.fr/TAPVizieR/tapdefaultJ/A+A/625/A87/110hdefEvolutionary track of our 1.10Msun H-deficient modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/110hrichEvolutionary track of our 1.10Msun H-rich modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/110gaiaAbsolute magnitudes of the evolutionary track of our 1.10Msun H-rich model in GAIA filtersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoubleAgeCooling time in Gyr (10^9^yr) (starting point at the beginning of the cooling sequence)Gyrtime.agedoubleloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleGMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band BPmagphys.magAbsdoubleRPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBP-GColor index BP-Gmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleG-RPColor index G-RPmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleBP-RPColor index BP-RPmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/116hdefEvolutionary track of our 1.16Msun H-deficient modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/116hrichEvolutionary track of our 1.16Msun H-rich modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/116gaiaAbsolute magnitudes of the evolutionary track of our 1.16Msun H-rich model in GAIA filtersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoubleAgeCooling time in Gyr (10^9^yr) (starting point at the beginning of the cooling sequence)Gyrtime.agedoubleloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleGMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band BPmagphys.magAbsdoubleRPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBP-GColor index BP-Gmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleG-RPColor index G-RPmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleBP-RPColor index BP-RPmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/122hdefEvolutionary track of our 1.22Msun H-deficient modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/122hrichEvolutionary track of our 1.22Msun H-rich modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/122gaiaAbsolute magnitudes of the evolutionary track of our 1.22Msun H-rich model in GAIA filtersrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoubleAgeCooling time in Gyr (10^9^yr) (starting point at the beginning of the cooling sequence)Gyrtime.agedoubleloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleGMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band BPmagphys.magAbsdoubleRPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBP-GColor index BP-Gmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleG-RPColor index G-RPmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleBP-RPColor index BP-RPmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.RdoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/129hdefEvolutionary track of our 1.29Msun H-deficient modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/129hrichEvolutionary track of our 1.29Msun H-rich modelrecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintlogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogTcLogarithm of the central temperature (million degree)1e+06Kphys.temperaturedoublelogRocLogarithm of the central density (CGS units)log(g.cm**-3)phys.densitydoubleHcCentral hydrogen abundancephys.abund.XdoubleHecCentral helium abundancephys.abund.YdoubleConsPercentage of mass of the outer convective zone%phys.massfloatConcPercentage of mass of the inner convective zone%phys.massfloatlog(edad)Logarithm of the total age in million years counted from an arbitrary starting point (1)log(Myr)time.agedoubleM*Stellar mass (in solar units)solMassphys.massdoubledM/dtMass losssolMass/yrphys.mass.lossdoublelog(Lnu)Logarithm of luminosity (in solar units) due to neutrino losseslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoublelogMHtot? Logarithm of the hydrogen content in solar masslog(solMass)phys.massdoublenullablen_logMHtot[I] I for -Infinitymeta.notecharloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleLHEnergy released as latent heat during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wphys.mol.formationHeatdoubleSepFaseEnergy released by phase separation during crystallization (CGS units)1e-07Wpos.angDistancedoubleJ/A+A/625/A87/129gaiaAbsolute magnitudes of the evolutionary track of our 1.29Msun H-rich model in GAIA filtersBP-GColor index BP-Gmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoubleRPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleG-RPColor index G-RPmagphot.color;em.opt;em.optdoublerecnoRecord number assigned by the VizieR team. Should Not be used for identification.meta.recordintTeffLogarithm of the effective temperatureKphys.temperature.effectivedoublelogLLogarithm of the surface luminosity in solar unitslog(solLum)phys.luminositydoubleAgeCooling time in Gyr (10^9^yr) (starting point at the beginning of the cooling sequence)Gyrtime.agedoubleloggLogarithm of surface gravity (CGS units)log(cm.s**-2)phys.gravitydoubleRadStellar radius in solar unitssolRadphys.size.radiusdoubleGMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band Gmagphys.magAbs;em.opt.BdoubleBPMAGAbsolute Magnitude in the Gaia band BPmagphys.magAbsdoubleBP-RPColor index BP-RPmagphot.color;em.opt.B;em.opt.Rdouble